Particle Properties Exploration
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Particle Properties Exploration
The particle model
Imagine zooming in until you can see the tiny particles that make up matter.
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gas
- Particles are close together but move past one another.
- Particles are close together and vibrate around fixed positions.
- Particles are far apart and move freely in all directions.
- Air particles are tiny and there are large spaces between them, so they can be pushed closer together.
- Air particles shrink when pressure is applied.
- Air particles stop moving when the syringe is sealed.
- The syringe changes the air into a liquid.
A fair-test challenge
Hamish investigates how much different substances compress in identical syringes. She puts 20 mL of each substance into a syringe, blocks the tip and pushes the plunger with the same gentle force. She records the smallest volume reached.
Substance
Starting volume
Smallest volume
Air
20 mL
12 mL
Water
20 mL
19 mL
- It helps check that the results are consistent and not due to chance or a one-off mistake.
- It guarantees the explanation is correct, even if the method is unfair.
- It changes the substance into a different state.
- It means the measurements do not need to be recorded.
Model, test and improve
Particle models help explain evidence, but models are simplified representations of real matter.
3 printable pages
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
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