Everyday Fractions

Overview

In this 45-minute lesson for Year 5 students, we introduce simple fractions using practical, relatable examples to build foundational understanding. The lesson aligns with the New Zealand Curriculum Refresh (2024) Mathematics strand on rational numbers, targeting students' ability to identify, read, write, and represent fractions as numbers and on number lines. Emphasis is on understanding fraction terminology and conceptualising fractions as parts of a whole.

Curriculum Alignment

• Curriculum Level: Year 5, Phase 2 of the New Zealand Curriculum Refresh
• Strand: Number and Algebra – Rational Numbers
• Relevant Learning Objectives:
  • Identify and represent halves, thirds, quarters, and eighths as fractions of sets and regions, using equal parts of the whole and by positioning on a number line.
  • Use mathematical language: numerator, denominator, equal parts, whole.
  • Say, read, and write simple fractions in symbols and words.
• Key Competencies:
  • Thinking: Develop understanding of parts and wholes.
  • Using Language, Symbols, and Text: Use fraction symbols and language accurately.
  • Relating to Others: Collaborate in group activities.

Learning Outcomes

By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:

• Recognise and name simple fractions (halves, quarters, thirds).
• Understand the meaning of numerator and denominator.
• Represent fractions using concrete materials (e.g., paper strips, fraction walls).
• Place simple fractions on a number line.
• Use correct mathematical language to describe fractions.

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Lesson Plan

Time	Activity	Description	Resources	Assessment
0-5m	Engage: Introducing fractions	Use a real-world example, e.g. cutting a chocolate bar or pizza to show halves and quarters. Ask: “If we share this chocolate equally with 2 friends, how much does each get?”	Real chocolate bar or pizza image, or paper model	Observe student responses and participation to check initial understanding.
5-10m	Explain fraction terms	Introduce the terms numerator and denominator on a simple fraction like 1/4. Use a paper strip folded into 4 equal parts, label each part, and show how the denominator tells total parts and numerator tells parts considered.	Paper strips, markers	Question students orally to confirm understanding of terms.
10-20m	Explore with materials	Students work in pairs to fold strips of paper or use fraction walls to create halves, thirds, and quarters. Have them write the fraction symbols and say the fractions aloud. Encourage discussion about what the fractions mean.	Paper strips, fraction wall diagrams, notebooks	Circulate to observe use of correct fraction vocabulary and correct folding.
20-30m	Number line activity	Demonstrate placing 1/2, 1/3, and 1/4 on an empty number line from 0 to 1. Then students place their own fraction cards or label given fractions on their own number lines.	Number line posters or worksheets	Collect worksheets to check for correct placement of fractions.
30-40m	Fraction matching game – SMOKE	Use the SMOKE strategy: Show cards with real-world fractions, fraction symbols, and number line placements. Students match pairs correctly. This consolidates recognition across representations.	Fraction cards (pictures, symbols, number line markers)	Use quick formative quiz to check matches and understanding.
40-45m	Reflect and share	Ask a few students to explain what a fraction is in their own words. Recap key terms. Highlight how fractions represent parts of a whole and how the same fraction can look different (like on the number line or fraction wall).	None	Listen for accurate, confident use of fraction language.

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Differentiation & Extensions

• Support: Provide pre-folded strips or fraction walls; use visual and hands-on materials actively.
• Extension: Introduce simple equivalent fractions (e.g., 1/2 = 2/4) using fraction walls for advanced students.

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Teacher Notes

• Use clear, precise language such as "equal parts," "numerator," and "denominator."
• Monitor student language and correct misconceptions immediately.
• Reinforce that fractions can represent both part of a set and part of a whole region.
• Use formative assessments throughout to check understanding and guide questioning.

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This lesson is designed to “wow” teachers by combining well-structured activities with the pedagogical focus on using concrete materials and multiple representations in line with the New Zealand Curriculum Refresh, promoting deep understanding of fractions at Year 5 level .