📚 Part 1: Definitions and Classifications

1. According to Brønsted-Lowry theory, an acid is:

A proton (H⁺) donor

A proton (H⁺) acceptor

An electron donor

An electron acceptor

2. Which of the following are characteristics of strong acids? (Select all that apply)

Completely ionise in aqueous solution

Have weak conjugate bases

Partially ionise in aqueous solution

Include HCl, HNO₃, and H₂SO₄

3. A polyprotic acid is one that:

Can donate only one proton

Can donate more than one proton

Can both donate and accept protons

Cannot donate any protons

4. An amphiprotic substance is one that can:

Only donate protons

Only accept protons

Both donate and accept protons

Neither donate nor accept protons

✏️ Part 2: Chemical Equations and Reactions

5. Write the equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and ammonia (NH₃) in aqueous solution. Identify the conjugate acid-base pairs.

6. Sodium acetate (CH₃COONa) is a basic salt. Write equations showing:

a) The salt dissolving in water: ________________________________

b) The acetate ion reacting with water: ________________________________

7. Water (H₂O) is amphiprotic. Write two equations showing water acting as:

a) An acid (proton donor): ________________________________

b) A base (proton acceptor): ________________________________

8. Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) is a triprotic acid. Write the three stepwise ionisation equations in water.

🧪 Part 3: Analysis and Application

9. Consider the equilibrium: HF(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ H₃O⁺(aq) + F⁻(aq)

a) The conjugate base of HF is: __________

b) The conjugate acid of H₂O is: __________

c) Is HF a strong or weak acid? Explain your reasoning.

10. Explain why the conjugate base of a strong acid is a weak base, using a specific example.

11. Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) forms an acidic solution when dissolved in water. Explain why this occurs and write the relevant chemical equation.

Aqueous Acids and Bases

Aqueous Acids and Bases

📚 Part 1: Definitions and Classifications

✏️ Part 2: Chemical Equations and Reactions

🧪 Part 3: Analysis and Application

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