📚 Part 1: Multiple Choice — Key facts

1. Approximately how far is the Sun from Earth?

1 500 km

150 000 km

150 million km

1.5 billion km

2. What causes the Aurora (Southern Lights)?

Charged particles from the Sun interacting with Earth's atmosphere

Reflected moonlight through clouds

Underwater volcanic activity

Radio signals from satellites

3. A coronal mass ejection (CME) is best described as:

A wave of billions of tons of electrically charged particles erupting from the Sun

A small cool spot on the Sun's surface

The Sun's steady light output

A cloud formed in Earth's upper atmosphere

4. Which part of a solar storm can reach Earth within minutes?

Coronal mass ejection (CME)

Solar flare (X-rays)

Sunspots

Solar wind (steady background)

✏️ Part 2: Short Answers & Thinking

5. The video describes how scientists discovered the Sun 'rings' like a giant instrument. In one or two sentences, explain how these vibrations help us learn what is happening inside the Sun.

6. Name two technologies or services that could be disrupted on Earth by a very large geomagnetic storm (CME). Give one short reason for each.

7. The Sun's core temperature is about 15 000 000 °C. Write this temperature in words and state why such a high temperature is important for the Sun's energy production.

8. Estimation problem: If a CME travels at 1 000 km/s, roughly how long would it take to travel from the Sun to Earth (use 150 million km as the distance)? Show your working.

🎨 Part 3: Apply & Create

9. Draw and label a simple diagram showing: the Sun, a solar flare or CME leaving the Sun, and Earth. Indicate the approximate distance between the Sun and Earth (in km) and label where aurora might occur.

10. Match each solar phenomenon (left) with its description (right). Draw lines between matching items.

1. Solar flare

2. Sunspot

3. Coronal mass ejection (CME)

4. Helioseismology

A. Sudden outburst of X-rays and high-energy radiation

B. Study of sound-like waves to probe the Sun's interior

C. Cooler, darker regions on the Sun's surface linked to magnetic activity

D. Huge ejection of charged particles that can travel to Earth