🔬 Part 1: Understanding Chemical Bonds

Ionic Bonds: Form when electrons are transferred from metal atoms to non-metal atoms. The metal becomes a positive ion and the non-metal becomes a negative ion. These opposite charges attract each other. Example: Sodium chloride (NaCl) - table salt.

Covalent Bonds: Form when non-metal atoms share electrons with each other. The shared electrons hold the atoms together. Example: Water (H₂O) - hydrogen and oxygen share electrons.

Metallic Bonds: Form between metal atoms where electrons move freely in a "sea of electrons" around the metal atoms. This gives metals their special properties like conductivity. Example: Aluminium foil (Al).

🎯 Part 2: Matching Chemical Compounds to Bond Types

⚗️ Part 3: Writing Chemical Formulas

Common Elements and Their Charges:

Metals: Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Al³⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺

Non-metals: Cl⁻, O²⁻, F⁻, S²⁻, N³⁻

Covalent elements: H, C, N, O, F, Cl

a) Sodium chloride: ____________

b) Magnesium oxide: ____________

c) Calcium fluoride: ____________

d) Aluminium oxide: ____________

a) Water (hydrogen + oxygen): ____________

b) Carbon dioxide (carbon + oxygen): ____________

c) Methane (carbon + hydrogen): ____________

d) Ammonia (nitrogen + hydrogen): ____________

🧪 Part 4: Apply Your Knowledge

Chemical bonds form when atoms share or transfer ______________. The type of bond affects the ______________ of the compound. ______________ bonds form between metals and non-metals, ______________ bonds form between non-metals, and ______________ bonds form between metals.