Periodic Table Properties Worksheet

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🧪 Part 1: Understanding Elements and Groups

Introduction: The periodic table organises all known elements by their atomic number and properties. Elements in the same group (vertical columns) share similar characteristics because they have the same number of electrons in their outer shell.

Key Definitions:

• Group: A vertical column of elements with similar properties

• Period: A horizontal row of elements

• Alkali metals (Group 1): Highly reactive metals that form alkaline solutions

• Halogens (Group 7): Highly reactive non-metals

Interesting Fact: Francium (Group 1) is so radioactive that only 20-30 grams exist on Earth at any time!

1. Which statement best describes elements in the same group?

They have the same atomic mass

They have similar chemical properties

They are all metals

They have the same melting point

2. Group 1 elements are called:

Halogens

Noble gases

Alkali metals

Transition metals

3. Which of these are Group 7 elements? (Select all that apply)

Chlorine

Sodium

Fluorine

Potassium

⚗️ Part 2: Comparing Group 1 and Group 7 Properties

Group 1 (Alkali Metals) Properties:

• Soft metals that can be cut with a knife • React vigorously with water • Form ionic compounds • Low density (lithium floats on water!)

Group 7 (Halogens) Properties:

• Exist as diatomic molecules (F₂, Cl₂, etc.) • Reactivity decreases down the group • Form salts when combined with metals • Toxic and corrosive

4. Complete the word equation: Sodium + Water → __________ + __________

5. Explain why Group 1 elements become more reactive as you go down the group, but Group 7 elements become less reactive.

6. A student argues that "All Group 1 elements are too dangerous to use in everyday life." Do you agree or disagree? Justify your answer with examples.

🎯 Part 3: Application and Analysis

7. Predict what would happen if caesium (Group 1) was added to water. Explain your reasoning based on periodic trends.

8. Swimming pool water is treated with chlorine compounds. Using your knowledge of Group 7 properties, explain why chlorine is effective for this purpose but also requires careful handling.

9. Debate Question: "The periodic table is one of the most important scientific discoveries ever made." Present arguments for AND against this statement.

10. Recap Challenge: Create a simple mnemonic device or memory aid to help remember the first three elements in Group 1 and Group 7.