1. A specialty spice costs $124.80 per kilogram. A chef needs 235g for a recipe. If the spice can only be purchased in 50g increments, what is the minimum cost and how much excess spice will remain?

2. Premium saffron costs $8,400 per kilogram. Calculate the cost per milligram, then find the cost of 0.75g expressed in scientific notation.

3. A gourmet food store sells truffle oil where 3/8 of a kilogram costs $156. If the price increases by 12%, what would be the new cost of 2.25kg?

4. A recipe calls for ingredients in the ratio 5:3:2 (flour:sugar:butter). If the total weight is 2.4kg and flour costs $3.20/kg, sugar costs $4.50/kg, and butter costs $8.40/kg, calculate the total ingredient cost.

5. Organic quinoa costs $18.60 per kg. A bulk buyer purchases 15.75kg and receives a 15% discount. After using 8.25kg, they sell the remainder at a 40% markup on the original price. Calculate their profit or loss.

6. A pharmaceutical compound costs $2,850 per kilogram. Laboratory A needs 0.375kg, Laboratory B needs 7/12 of what A needs, and Laboratory C needs 150% of what B needs. If they combine their order for a 8% bulk discount, how much does each lab pay?

7. Gold costs $65,000 per kilogram. An investor buys 0.0875kg. If the price fluctuates by +12%, then -8%, then +5%, what is the final value of their investment? Express your answer to the nearest cent.

8. A bakery uses a flour blend: 40% bread flour ($2.80/kg), 35% cake flour ($3.60/kg), and 25% specialty flour ($7.20/kg). They need 12.5kg of this blend. Calculate the cost and determine how many grams of each flour type is needed.

9. Exotic coffee beans cost $48.75 per kg. A coffee shop owner buys 8.4kg, uses 5/7 of it, then discovers 15% of the remaining beans are defective and unsellable. If they sell the good remaining beans at $72/kg, calculate their net profit or loss on the entire purchase.

10. A chemical supplier offers platinum catalyst at $85,600 per kilogram with the following pricing tiers: 0-500g (full price), 501g-1kg (5% discount), 1kg+ (12% discount). A research facility needs 1.35kg total but can order in separate shipments. Determine the most cost-effective ordering strategy and calculate the maximum savings possible.