🌋 Part 1: Understanding Volcanoes

1. What is magma?

Hot melted rock beneath the Earth's surface

Cold rock on the Earth's surface

Water mixed with soil

Air trapped underground

2. Why do volcanoes erupt?

Because magma is lighter than solid rock and rises upwards

Because earthquakes shake them

Because it rains too much

Because they are very old

3. What happens to magma when it reaches the surface?

It disappears

It becomes lava

It turns into water

It becomes soil

4. Fill in the blanks:

Deep inside the Earth, temperatures can reach over _______ °C. This extreme heat melts rock into _______, which rises through cracks in the Earth's crust. When pressure builds up, the volcano _______ and the magma becomes _______.

5. Which of these can come out of an erupting volcano? (Tick all that apply)

Hot lava

Ash clouds

Poisonous gases

Rock fragments

Ice cubes

📝 Part 2: Comprehension & Analysis

6. Explain in your own words why magma rises to the surface.

7. Describe what might happen to people living near an active volcano and what safety measures they should take.

8. Extension Activity: Research and name three famous volcanoes around the world. For each one, write whether it is currently active, dormant, or extinct.

🎨 Part 3: Creative Challenge

9. Draw and label a simple diagram of a volcano showing: magma chamber, vent, crater, lava flow, and ash cloud.

10. Advanced Challenge: Explain how the movement of tectonic plates can cause volcanic activity. Use the terms 'plates', 'boundaries', and 'pressure' in your answer.