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Organic Functional Groups
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Organic Functional Groups
🧪 Part 1: Functional Group Identification
1. Which functional group is responsible for the acidic properties of organic acids?
Hydroxyl (-OH)
Carboxyl (-COOH)
Amino (-NH₂)
Carbonyl (>C=O)
2. The functional group found in alcohols and sugars is:
Phosphate (-PO₄³⁻)
Sulfhydryl (-SH)
Hydroxyl (-OH)
Carbonyl (>C=O)
3. Which functional groups can be found in amino acids? (Check all that apply)
Amino (-NH₂)
Carboxyl (-COOH)
Phosphate (-PO₄³⁻)
Sulfhydryl (-SH)
4. The carbonyl functional group (>C=O) is present in:
Aldehydes and ketones only
Alcohols and ethers
Amino acids and proteins
Phosphates and sulfhydryls
⚗️ Part 2: Chemical Properties and Reactions
5. Complete the following statement about phosphate groups:
Phosphate groups are important in biological systems because they are involved in _____________ transfer, particularly in molecules like _____________.
6. Explain how sulfhydryl groups (-SH) contribute to protein structure:
7. Write a simple chemical equation showing how a carboxyl group acts as an acid in water:
8. Match each functional group with its characteristic property:
Hydroxyl (-OH)
Amino (-NH₂)
Carboxyl (-COOH)
Carbonyl (>C=O)
Acts as a base
Polar, forms hydrogen bonds
Reactive centre in aldehydes/ketones
Releases H⁺ ions (acidic)
🔬 Part 3: Real-World Applications
9. Describe two real-world applications where understanding functional groups is important:
10. In the space below, draw the structure of a simple molecule containing at least two different functional groups and label each functional group:
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