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Atomic Structure Basics
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Atomic Structure Basics
📚 Part 1: Multiple Choice & Matching
1. Who discovered the electron?
J.J. Thomson
Ernest Rutherford
John Dalton
Niels Bohr
2. Thomson’s "plum pudding" model suggested that:
Electrons orbit a central nucleus
Electrons are embedded in a positive 'pudding'
Atoms are indivisible
Electrons have no charge
3. Rutherford’s gold foil experiment led to which conclusion?
The atom is a solid sphere
The nucleus is small and dense with most mass concentrated there
Electrons are inside a uniform positive sphere
Atoms are made only of electrons
4. Match each item on the left with the best description on the right. Draw lines between columns.
A. J.J. Thomson
B. Ernest Rutherford
C. Gold foil experiment
D. Plum pudding model
1. Showed most alpha particles passed through but some were strongly deflected
2. Proposed electrons embedded in a diffuse positive charge
3. Identified the nucleus as a tiny dense centre of positive charge
4. Credited with discovery of the electron
✏️ Part 2: Short Answers & Practical
5. Draw a simple diagram of an atom based on Rutherford’s model. Label the nucleus, protons, neutrons and electrons.
6. For each subatomic particle below, write its charge, approximate relative mass (use "1" for proton ~1), and typical location in the atom.
Proton: ____________________________
Neutron: ___________________________
Electron: __________________________
7. In one sentence, explain why Rutherford’s model replaced Thomson’s model.
8. Practical modelling: Suggest one classroom material to represent the nucleus and one to represent electrons. Explain briefly why each is suitable (1–2 lines each).
Nucleus material: ______________________
Electron material: ______________________
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