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Basic Accounting Fundamentals

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Basic Accounting Fundamentals

📊 Part 1: Understanding Accounting Basics

1. What is accounting? Circle the BEST definition:

A) Counting money in a cash register

B) The process of recording, measuring, and communicating financial information about a business

C) Using a calculator to do maths

D) Paying bills online

2. Which of these are reasons why businesses need accounting? Tick ALL that apply:

To track how much money the business makes and spends

To make informed decisions about the future

To meet legal requirements for tax purposes

To impress customers with fancy reports

To understand if the business is profitable

3. The fundamental accounting equation is:

A) Income - Expenses = Profit

B) Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity

C) Revenue + Costs = Total

D) Cash In - Cash Out = Balance

4. Fill in the blanks using the words: Assets, Liabilities, Owner's Equity

____________ are things the business owns (like equipment, cash, inventory)

____________ are debts the business owes to others

____________ is the owner's claim on the business assets

📈 Part 2: Financial Statements

5. Match each item to the correct financial statement by writing "IS" for Income Statement or "BS" for Balance Sheet:

_____ Revenue from sales

_____ Equipment owned by the business

_____ Rent expense

_____ Money owed to suppliers

_____ Cash in the bank

_____ Advertising costs

6. A local café has the following information for March 2024:

• Sales revenue: $8,500

• Rent expense: $2,000

• Food costs: $3,200

• Wages: $1,800

• Electricity: $300

Calculate the café's profit for March:

7. Using the accounting equation, solve for the missing amount:

If a business has Assets of $50,000 and Liabilities of $18,000, what is the Owner's Equity?

💡 Part 3: Application & Reflection

8. Explain why accurate accounting records are important for business success. Give TWO specific reasons:
9. You want to start a small business selling handmade jewellery. List THREE examples each of:

Assets your business might have:

1. _________________________

2. _________________________

3. _________________________

Expenses your business might have:

1. _________________________

2. _________________________

3. _________________________

10. Reflection: How could understanding basic accounting help you in your personal finances as a teenager?

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