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Environmental Change Investigation

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Environmental Change Investigation

A local estuary is changing. Use the field notes and data below to work out what may be happening to its ecosystem. In ecology, environmental change can affect habitats, populations and food webs. Answer using evidence from the information provided.

Field notes

A group surveyed the same estuary in late summer for three years. After heavy rain, the stream carried more muddy water. A patch of salt-marsh plants beside the stream had been cleared for a footpath. The team also recorded more litter near the road drain. The observations below were collected at the same marked site each year.

Year

Water clarity (cm visibility)

Salt-marsh cover (%)

Small fish seen in 10 minutes

Year 1

40

80

24

Year 2

28

65

17

Year 3

18

50

10

Investigate the evidence

Use the field notes and survey results to answer the questions. A trend is a pattern across several observations; it does not, by itself, prove what caused the change.

1.Which measures declined in every year? Choose one and describe its trend: water clarity, salt-marsh cover, or small fish observed.
2.Calculate the decrease in salt-marsh cover from Year 1 to Year 3, in percentage points.
3.Which statement is best supported by the results?
  • As water clarity fell, fewer small fish were observed.
  • More small fish appeared whenever salt-marsh cover fell.
  • The data prove that litter caused every change.
  • Water clarity stayed the same across the survey.
4.Suggest one way cleared salt-marsh plants could affect animals living in or near the estuary.
5.Heavy rain can wash soil into a stream. Explain one possible effect of extra sediment on aquatic plants or animals.
6.Build a possible food chain using these organisms: algae, small fish, and a shorebird. Put them in the order energy moves from food to eater.
7.If fewer small fish are available, predict one possible effect on the shorebird population. Explain your reasoning.
8.True or false: The survey proves that the footpath caused the decline in small fish. Give one reason for your answer.
TrueFalse
9.Name one additional measurement the team could collect to investigate why fewer fish were observed.
10.Propose one practical action to reduce a pressure on this estuary. Explain how it could help the ecosystem.

3 printable pages

  • Environmental Change Investigation, page 1 of 3: Field notes, Investigate the evidence

    Page 1

  • Environmental Change Investigation, page 2 of 3: 3. Which statement is best supported by the results?

    Page 2

  • Environmental Change Investigation, page 3 of 3: 10. Propose one practical action to reduce a pressure on this estuary. Explain how it…

    Page 3

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