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Linear Equations and Gradients

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Linear Equations and Gradients worksheet preview

Linear Equations and Gradients

Linear graph illustration

📚 Part 1: Understanding Gradients and Linear Equations

Key Concepts:

Gradient Formula: m = (y₂ - y₁)/(x₂ - x₁)

Linear Equation: y = mx + c (where m = gradient, c = y-intercept)

Worked Example:

Find the equation of the line passing through points A(2, 5) and B(6, 13).

Step 1: Find the gradient: m = (13 - 5)/(6 - 2) = 8/4 = 2

Step 2: Use y = mx + c with point A: 5 = 2(2) + c → c = 1

Answer: y = 2x + 1

1. Calculate the gradient between the points (1, 3) and (5, 11).
2. What does a gradient of -2 tell us about a line?

The line slopes upwards from left to right

The line slopes downwards from left to right

The line is horizontal

The line is vertical

3. A line has equation y = 3x - 4. What are the gradient and y-intercept?

Gradient: _________ Y-intercept: _________

✏️ Part 2: Finding Linear Equations

4. Find the equation of the line passing through points (0, 7) and (4, 15).

Step 1: Calculate gradient: m = _________

Step 2: Identify y-intercept: c = _________

Final equation: y = _________

5. A line passes through (-2, 8) and (3, -2). Find its equation.
6. Which of these points lie on the line y = -x + 6?

(2, 4)

(0, 6)

(3, 2)

(5, 1)

🎯 Part 3: Problem Solving

7. The cost of hiring a car is $50 plus $0.30 per kilometre. Write a linear equation where C = total cost and d = distance in kilometres.

Equation: C = _________

What does the gradient represent in this context?

8. A water tank contains 200 litres and drains at 15 litres per minute. Find the equation relating volume V (litres) to time t (minutes).
9. Two lines have equations y = 2x + 3 and y = 2x - 1. What can you conclude about these lines?

They intersect at one point

They are parallel

They are perpendicular

They are the same line

10. Challenge: Find the equation of the line that passes through (1, 5) and is parallel to y = -3x + 2.

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