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Overview

This 5-day plan is designed for Kindergarten students (ages 5-6) to develop fluency and number sense around adding and subtracting within 10. Using hands-on manipulatives, story problems, and engaging activities, students will visualize regrouping concepts and become confident with numbers 0–10.

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Standards Addressed (Georgia / Common Core)

Georgia Standards (Math - Kindergarten)
MGSEK.OA.1: Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds, acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
MGSEK.OA.3: Decompose numbers less than or equal to 10 into pairs in more than one way, using objects or drawings.
MGSEK.CC.4: Understand the relationship between numbers and quantities; connect counting to cardinality.

Common Core State Standards (CCSS.Math.Content.K.OA.A.1 & K.OA.A.2)

• K.OA.A.1: Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds, acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
• K.OA.A.2: Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add or subtract within 10.

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Learning Goals

• Students will understand how to add and subtract within 10 using physical objects.
• Students will compose and decompose numbers up to 10 using manipulatives.
• Students will apply addition and subtraction strategies to solve simple story problems.

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Success Criteria

• Students can group and ungroup objects to show addition and subtraction within 10.
• Students explain their thought process when solving addition or subtraction problems verbally or with drawings.
• Students correctly solve simple independent story problems involving addition or subtraction within 10.

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High-Yield Strategies

• Manipulatives: Use counters/blocks for hands-on learning to build number sense.
• Think-Pair-Share: Students discuss problem-solving approaches with peers to verbalize their reasoning.
• Visual Modeling: Drawing pictures and number bonds to represent problems concretely.
• Storytelling: Craft simple addition/subtraction story problems relatable to students’ daily lives.
• Exit Ticket: Short oral or written task to assess understanding at the end of each lesson.

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5-Day Detailed Plan (30 minutes each)

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Day 1: Introduction to Addition Up to 10 Using Counters

1. Warm-Up (5 min): Counting aloud to 10 with hand motions.
2. Direct Instruction (7 min): Introduce adding two groups of counters (e.g., 3 + 2). Demonstrate creating two groups, and then bringing them together to count how many.
3. Guided Practice (10 min): Students use their own sets of counters to model addition problems called out by the teacher. Use think-pair-share to let pairs talk through their counters.
4. CFU: Show me your counters and explain your addition model.
5. Exit Ticket (8 min): Simple worksheet with 3 addition problems within 10, where they draw counters to show answers.
6. Differentiation:
   • Struggling: Work one-on-one with fewer counters (1-5).
   • Advanced: Challenge with “Make 10” by combining two numbers adding up to 10.

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Day 2: Introduction to Subtraction Up to 10 Using Counters

1. Warm-Up (5 min): Count backward aloud from 10 to 0 with gestures.
2. Direct Instruction (7 min): Show 7 counters, remove 2, count remaining. Use story (e.g., “I had 7 apples, gave away 2”).
3. Guided Practice (10 min): Students model subtraction with counters based on teacher-led story problems. Use verbal explanations to express subtraction.
4. CFU: Who can show 5 – 3 with their blocks and tell us how they solved it?
5. Exit Ticket (8 min): Students complete 3 simple subtraction problems using drawings or counters.
6. Differentiation:
   • Struggling: Use fewer counters (1-5) with visual prompts.
   • Advanced: Introduce missing addends concept (e.g., 10 – ? = 7).

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Day 3: Composing and Decomposing Numbers Using Number Bonds & Counters

1. Warm-Up (5 min): Sing a number bond catchy song ("5 can be 2 and 3...").
2. Direct Instruction (7 min): Explain number bonds with counters — show how 5 can be 2 + 3, 4 + 1, etc.
3. Guided Practice (10 min): Students build number bonds with counters on their desks and sketch them on worksheets.
4. CFU: Share a number bond you built today and explain it to partner.
5. Exit Ticket (8 min): Students write/draw one number bond for 7 and solve one addition problem related to it.
6. Differentiation:
   • Struggling: Stick to smaller numbers (up to 5).
   • Advanced: Challenge with number bonds that add to 10.

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Day 4: Story Problems Using Counters to Add and Subtract to 10

1. Warm-Up (5 min): Quick review addition and subtraction with counters.
2. Direct Instruction (7 min): Read aloud 2 short story problems; model solving it using counters.
3. Guided Practice (10 min): Students solve 2 story problems with partners with counters, then share strategies aloud.
4. CFU: Who can retell a problem and show the counters they used?
5. Exit Ticket (8 min): 2 simple story problems for independent solving with drawings or counters.
6. Differentiation:
   • Struggling: Pre-teach vocabulary (add, subtract, left, took away).
   • Advanced: Create own simple story problem and demonstrate solution.

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Day 5: Consolidation & Independent Problem Solving

1. Warm-Up (5 min): Group discussion – “What have you learned about 10?”
2. Review (7 min): Quick collaborative build/dismantle of 10 using counters to solidify concept.
3. Independent Activity (10 min): Students complete a fun worksheet with a mix of addition, subtraction, and number bond questions within 10.
4. CFU: Observe students working and ask on-the-spot questions to assess understanding.
5. Exit Ticket (8 min): Each student orally explains one problem they solved today and how they solved it using counters.
6. Differentiation:
   • Struggling: Complete fewer problems with extra support.
   • Advanced: Solve 3 problems including one they write themselves with drawings.

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Materials Needed

• Counters (blocks, buttons, beads) – at least 10 per student
• Whiteboards or paper for drawing
• Number bond worksheets and story problem cards (simple sentences)
• Markers/crayons
• Exit ticket handouts

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Assessment & Reflection

• Continuous monitoring during guided practice and CFUs.
• Exit tickets each day to track progress.
• Use student explanations to assess conceptual understanding beyond correct answers.
• Adjust further lessons based on assessment data to target misconceptions or advance learners.

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This plan blends tactile learning with visual and verbal activities, promoting deep understanding of addition and subtraction concepts keyed to the Common Core and Georgia Standards. It ensures Kindergarten students engage meaningfully with number operations, setting a solid foundation for future math skills.