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Roman Leadership Sources

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Roman Leadership Sources

Ancient Roman leaders illustration

📜 Part 1: Primary Source Analysis

Directions: Read each excerpt below and answer the questions that follow. Use specific evidence from the text to support your responses.

Excerpt A: Julius Caesar's Speech to His Troops (49 BCE)

"Soldiers! We have crossed the Rubicon, and there is no turning back. Fortune favors the bold, and we are the boldest of all Romans. Our cause is just, our purpose clear. We fight not for personal glory, but for the dignity of Rome and the rights of her citizens. Follow me, and together we shall write our names in the annals of history. Victory belongs to those who dare to seize it!"

1. What leadership qualities does Caesar demonstrate in this speech? Cite specific evidence from the text.

Excerpt B: Cicero's Letter to a Friend (63 BCE)

"My dear friend, the art of leadership lies not in commanding through fear, but in persuading through wisdom. A true leader must listen to counsel, weigh all options carefully, and act with both courage and restraint. The greatest victory is achieved when one's enemies become allies through reason rather than force. Rome needs leaders who serve the Republic, not themselves."

2. How does Cicero's view of leadership differ from Caesar's approach? Use textual evidence to support your answer.

Excerpt C: Augustus's Political Message (27 BCE)

"Citizens of Rome, I have restored peace to our great empire after years of civil war. Through careful governance and respect for tradition, we have built a foundation that will endure for generations. My authority comes not from conquest alone, but from your trust and the blessing of the gods. Together, we have created a golden age where law, order, and prosperity reign supreme."

3. What central idea about leadership does Augustus emphasize? Provide a quote to support your analysis.

🔄 Part 2: Comparative Analysis

4. Complete the Venn diagram below to compare the leadership approaches of any two Roman leaders from the excerpts above.

Leader 1: _________________ Leader 2: _________________

Draw your Venn diagram here. In the overlapping section, write similarities. In the separate sections, write differences.

5. Based on your comparison, which leadership style do you think would be most effective in times of crisis? Explain your reasoning with evidence from the texts.
6. How do these ancient Roman examples of leadership still influence how we think about leaders today? Give one specific example.

🎯 Part 3: Exit Ticket

7. Based on the primary sources you read today, what one leadership quality do you think was most important to Roman leaders? Explain why, using evidence from at least two of the excerpts.
8. Which Roman leader's words would be most persuasive to you as a citizen? Circle your choice and explain why.

Julius Caesar

Cicero

Augustus

Explanation: ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

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