Ancient Roman Religion
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Ancient Roman Religion
Source card: Religion and public life
For many Romans, religion was part of daily and public life. People honoured many gods and goddesses, including Jupiter, king of the gods; Juno, protector of women and marriage; and Minerva, associated with wisdom and crafts. The trio was worshipped at the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on the Capitoline Hill in Rome. Roman worshippers made offerings and prayed for help, while priests carried out ceremonies and advised officials about religious signs. The Vestal Virgins served the goddess Vesta and guarded the sacred fire in her temple. Romans also held festivals, including Saturnalia, a celebration connected with Saturn. In 313 CE, Emperor Constantine and Emperor Licinius issued the Edict of Milan, which allowed Christians to worship openly. Christianity later became the empire’s official religion under Emperor Theodosius I in 380 CE.
Investigate the evidence
- A Roman priest
- A Vestal Virgin acting as a military commander
- A trader from another city
- A festival performer
- It allowed Christians to worship openly in 313 CE.
- It made Saturnalia the only Roman festival.
- It ordered the Vestal Virgins to leave Rome.
- It declared Jupiter to be the emperor.
2 printable pages
Page 1
Page 2
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