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Earth Science Assessment

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Earth Science Assessment

Explore Earth’s layers, volcanoes and earthquakes. Read each question carefully and use evidence from the information provided to explain your thinking.

Earth’s Layers

Earth has four main layers. The crust is the thin, solid outermost layer, and people live on its surface. Beneath the crust is the thick mantle, made of hot rock. Below the mantle is the outer core, and the inner core is at the centre of Earth. From the surface towards the centre, the layers are crust, mantle, outer core and inner core.

1.Which layer of Earth do people live on, and where is it located compared with the other layers?
2.Starting at the surface and travelling towards Earth’s centre, choose the correct order of the layers.
  • Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
  • Mantle, crust, inner core, outer core
  • Crust, outer core, mantle, inner core
  • Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
3.According to the information above, which statement best describes the mantle?
  • A thick layer of hot rock
  • A layer of ocean water
  • The coldest layer of Earth
  • A thin layer of air

Volcano Watch

A volcano forms where molten rock and gases can reach Earth’s surface. Underground molten rock is called magma. Once it erupts onto the surface, it is called lava. An eruption may also send out ash and gases. Some volcanoes are active, while others have not erupted for a very long time.

4.A science reporter sees molten rock flowing down the outside of a volcano. What is this molten rock called, and what is it called while still underground?
5.Which combination might be released during a volcanic eruption?
  • Lava, ash and gases
  • Snow, fresh water and ice
  • Sand, leaves and rain
  • Only cold air
6.A volcano has not erupted for many years. Does this information alone prove that it can never erupt again? Explain using the passage.

Earthquake Response

Earthquakes happen when parts of Earth’s crust suddenly move. The shaking can damage buildings and make objects fall. If shaking begins while you are indoors, follow the safety advice you have been taught: drop to the ground, take cover under sturdy furniture if possible, and hold on until the shaking stops. Keep away from windows and things that could fall.

7.According to the passage, what happens to Earth’s crust during an earthquake?
8.The shaking starts while you are indoors. Which response best matches the safety advice in the passage?
  • Drop, take cover under sturdy furniture if possible, and hold on
  • Run to a window to see what is happening
  • Stand beside a tall shelf
  • Use the lift to leave the building
9.Give one reason the passage advises people to keep away from windows and things that could fall.
10.A classmate says, “Earthquakes only shake the ground; they cannot affect buildings.” Use information from the passage to correct this claim.

3 printable pages

  • Earth Science Assessment, page 1 of 3: Earth’s Layers

    Page 1

  • Earth Science Assessment, page 2 of 3: Volcano Watch, Earthquake Response

    Page 2

  • Earth Science Assessment, page 3 of 3: 8. The shaking starts while you are indoors. Which response best matches the safety…

    Page 3

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