🌍 Part 1: Key Vocabulary & Concepts
1. Match each layer of the Earth with its description:
A. Crust
B. Mantle
C. Outer Core
D. Inner Core
____ Thin, solid outer layer where we live
____ Hot, liquid iron and nickel
____ Solid iron and nickel center
____ Hot, semi-solid rock layer
2. Fill in the blanks about plate boundaries:
Divergent boundaries: Plates move _________________________ from each other. New crust is formed here.
Convergent boundaries: Plates move ___________________ each other. Mountains and trenches form here.
Transform boundaries: Plates slide __________________________ each other. Earthquakes are common here.
3. What is the Ring of Fire?
🗺️ Part 2: Continental Drift Theory
5. What was the name of the supercontinent that Wegener believed existed millions of years ago?
6. Which pieces of evidence did Wegener use to support his Continental Drift Theory?
7. Explain why Wegener's Continental Drift Theory was initially rejected by many scientists.
8. How does the modern theory of plate tectonics explain what Wegener observed?
📊 Part 3: Seismic Waves - P and S Waves
9. Which type of seismic wave travels fastest through the Earth?
P waves (Primary waves)
S waves (Secondary waves)
10. What materials can P waves travel through? (Check all that apply)
Solid rock
Liquid
Gas
All of the above
11. What materials can S waves travel through?
Only solids
Only liquids
Only gases
Solids and liquids
12. What does the "P" in P waves stand for?
Primary (because they arrive first)
Push-pull (because of their motion)
Powerful (because they're strongest)
Both A and B are correct
13. How do P waves move through rock?
They compress and expand rock particles back and forth
They shake rock particles side to side
They move rock particles in circles
They don't move rock particles at all
14. How do S waves move through rock?
They compress and expand rock particles
They shake rock particles perpendicular to their direction of travel (side to side or up and down)
They move in straight lines only
They move faster than P waves
15. Explain how scientists use P and S waves to determine the location of an earthquake's epicenter.
16. How do P and S waves help scientists study the Earth's interior structure?
🔥 Part 4: Multiple Choice Review
20. Which type of plate boundary creates new ocean floor?
Convergent boundary
Divergent boundary
Transform boundary
Subduction zone
21. What causes earthquakes to occur?
The movement and friction of tectonic plates
Volcanic eruptions only
Ocean waves
Wind patterns
22. Which of the following can cause a tsunami? (Check all that apply)
Underwater earthquake
Volcanic eruption near water
Landslide into the ocean
Strong thunderstorm
23. Where are most volcanoes located?
In the center of tectonic plates
Along plate boundaries
Only on islands
Only underwater
✏️ Part 5: Short Answer Questions
24. Explain what happens when an oceanic plate meets a continental plate at a convergent boundary.
25. Why do earthquakes and volcanoes often occur in the same areas around the world?
26. Draw and label a simple diagram showing the three types of plate boundaries. Use arrows to show plate movement.
