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Scientific Conclusion Writing

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Scientific Conclusion Writing

Read the investigation and results. Then build a scientific conclusion that answers the question, uses evidence, checks a prediction and explains what may have caused the results. Use complete sentences and NZ spelling.

Investigation: Which paper towel absorbs the most water?

Mere wanted to find out which brand of paper towel absorbed the most water. She predicted that Towel A would absorb the most because it felt thickest. She tested three brands by placing one sheet of each in a tray and pouring water over it in 5 mL steps. She stopped when water began to drip through. She repeated each test three times and calculated the average. The same-sized sheets and the same method were used each time.

Towel brand

Trial 1 (mL)

Trial 2 (mL)

Trial 3 (mL)

Read the evidence

A scientific conclusion does more than repeat the results. It answers the investigation question, supports its claim with evidence, compares the outcome with the prediction and gives a sensible explanation. Do not claim the results prove something beyond this test.

1.Calculate the average amount absorbed by each towel. Show your working or explain your method.

2.Which towel absorbed the most water on average, and how much more was that than the towel with the lowest average? Use numbers from the results.

3.Mere predicted that Towel A would absorb the most. Was her prediction supported by the evidence? Explain using the averages.

4.Choose the strongest conclusion sentence and explain why it is stronger than the other one. A. “Towel B is the best paper towel.” B. “In this test, Towel B absorbed the most water on average: 50 mL, compared with 35 mL for Towel A and about 42 mL for Towel C.”

5.Match each conclusion part to its purpose. Write the matching letter beside each number: 1. Aim; 2. Finding; 3. Prediction check; 4. Explanation. A. Gives a possible reason for the pattern. B. Says what the investigation set out to find. C. States whether the prediction agreed with the outcome. D. Reports the result using evidence.

1. Aim
2. Finding
3. Prediction check
4. Explanation

D. Reports the result using evidence.
B. Says what the investigation set out to find.
C. States whether the prediction agreed with the outcome.
A. Gives a possible reason for the pattern.

6.Which explanation is the most careful scientific wording? A. “Towel B may have tiny spaces that helped it hold more water, although this was not tested.” B. “Towel B is definitely made with a special secret material.” Explain your choice.

Build a strong conclusion

Plan first, then write one clear paragraph. A conclusion should answer the investigation question and use the results accurately. You may use the sentence frames, but make the paragraph flow in your own words.

7.Complete the plan with key words or phrases: Aim — what was being compared? Finding — which towel absorbed most, and what averages support this? Prediction — was Mere’s prediction supported? Explanation — what might help explain the result?

8.Write a complete conclusion of about 4–6 sentences for Mere’s investigation. Include the aim, the finding with numerical evidence, whether the prediction was supported, and a careful possible explanation. End with a conclusion limited to what this test can show.

9.Reread your paragraph. Check each feature you included: the aim; a finding supported by numbers; a fair comparison with the prediction; a possible explanation that does not invent facts; and a final claim limited to this investigation. Then name one change you made or would make to improve your writing.