🧬 Part 1: Understanding Mutations

1. Define what a mutation is in your own words:

2. Circle the correct answer. Which of the following is NOT a type of mutation?

Point mutation

Insertion mutation

Deletion mutation

Photosynthesis mutation

3. Fill in the blanks about mutation causes:

Mutations can be caused by _____________ factors such as UV radiation and chemicals, or by random _____________ during DNA replication in cell division.

🌍 Part 2: Environmental Factors and Mutations

4. Check all environmental factors that can cause mutations:

UV radiation from the sun

Chemical pollutants

Viruses

Regular exercise

Radioactive substances

Drinking water

5. Give a specific example of how UV radiation can cause mutations and their effects:

6. Match the mutation cause with its example:

1. UV radiation

2. Chemical exposure

3. Viral infection

4. DNA replication error

A. Random copying mistake during cell division

B. Skin cancer development

C. Industrial pollutant damage

D. HPV causing cervical cancer

🔄 Part 3: Mutations and Genetic Variation

7. True or False: All mutations are harmful to organisms.

True

False

8. Explain how mutations contribute to genetic variation in populations:

9. Fill in the blanks about mutation impacts:

Mutations can be _____________, _____________, or harmful depending on the environment. Beneficial mutations may help organisms _____________ to their environment and survive better.

10. Circle the best answer. How do mutations relate to natural selection?

Mutations have no relationship to natural selection

Mutations provide variation that natural selection can act upon

Natural selection prevents all mutations

Mutations only occur after natural selection

🦠 Part 4: Real-World Examples

11. Give an example of a beneficial mutation that helps organisms survive:

12. Explain how antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an example of mutation and adaptation:

13. Check all statements that are true about sickle cell anaemia:

It is caused by a gene mutation

It only affects red blood cells

It can provide some protection against malaria

It is always fatal

It demonstrates how mutations can be both harmful and beneficial

14. Draw a simple diagram showing how a point mutation changes DNA:

🤔 Part 5: Critical Thinking

15. Predict what might happen to a species if the mutation rate suddenly increased dramatically:

16. Explain why genetic variation through mutations is important for species survival in changing environments:

17. Research Extension: Choose one genetic disorder caused by mutation (e.g., cystic fibrosis, haemochromatosis) and briefly describe its cause and effects: