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Natural Order Disrupted

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Natural Order Disrupted

Read the passage and context box, then answer the questions. Use evidence from the passage where asked. The final questions invite you to interpret how the writing shapes meaning.

Context: Scotland after Duncan’s murder

In William Shakespeare’s tragedy Macbeth, Macbeth murders King Duncan and takes the throne. In the play’s world, a king’s authority is understood as part of a divinely ordered universe. Duncan’s murder therefore threatens more than the government: it seems to unsettle the natural world too. The passage below comes from Act 2, Scene 4. Ross and an Old Man discuss strange events reported on the night of the murder.

Passage: Act 2, Scene 4

OLD MAN: Threescore and ten I can remember well; Within the volume of which time I have seen Hours dreadful and things strange; but this sore night Hath trifled former knowings. ROSS: Ah, good father, Thou seest, the heavens, as troubled with man’s act, Threaten his bloody stage: by the clock ’tis day, And yet dark night strangles the travelling lamp. The Old Man reports that a falcon was attacked and killed by a mousing owl. Ross also says Duncan’s horses turned wild, broke from their stalls and ate one another. The men agree that these events are “unnatural”, and Ross connects them with Duncan’s murder.

Read closely

Answer in complete sentences unless the question asks you to select or match.

1.Which statement best explains why the events in the passage are described as a disruption of the natural order?
  • They are ordinary events that happen every day.
  • They reverse expected relationships and make day, animals and the heavens seem out of balance.
  • They show that Scotland has won a military victory.
  • They prove that the Old Man is unable to remember the past.
2.Match each reported event with the kind of disorder it most clearly suggests.
  • Darkness at daytime
  • An owl killing a falcon
  • Duncan’s horses attacking one another
  • Normally controlled animals become violently chaotic
  • Light and darkness are out of place
  • A weaker or lower creature overcomes a powerful one
3.In “dark night strangles the travelling lamp”, what does the personification suggest about the darkness?
4.Complete the sentence with the missing word from the passage: The Old Man says this “sore night” has made his earlier experiences seem like something that “Hath former knowings.”
5.Complete the quotation with the missing word from the passage: Ross says the heavens are troubled with “man’s ”.
6.The Old Man says he has lived for seventy years and has seen “Hours dreadful and things strange”. What is the effect of this detail on the reader’s understanding of the night?
7.True or false: Ross presents the strange events as unrelated coincidences, with no connection to human actions.
TrueFalse
8.Explain how the falcon and owl event can work as a symbol as well as a strange report. Connect your answer to the transfer of power in the play.
9.Choose one event from the passage and explain how it foreshadows the consequences of Macbeth’s actions.
10.Ross says the heavens are “troubled with man’s act”. What idea about the relationship between human behaviour and the natural world does this express?
11.Write a short analytical paragraph explaining how Shakespeare uses at least two details from the passage to present Duncan’s murder as a threat to Scotland’s order. Include a quotation and explain its effect.

3 printable pages

  • Natural Order Disrupted, page 1 of 3: Context: Scotland after Duncan’s murder, Passage: Act 2, Scene 4, Read closely

    Page 1

  • Natural Order Disrupted, page 2 of 3: 2. Match each reported event with the kind of disorder it most clearly suggests.

    Page 2

  • Natural Order Disrupted, page 3 of 3: 8. Explain how the falcon and owl event can work as a symbol as well as a strange report.…

    Page 3

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