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Organic Chemistry Basics
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Organic Chemistry Basics
A materials team is checking small organic molecules for a product-design project. Use the formula gallery and your chemistry knowledge to complete the tasks. Show working where requested.
A. Ethane CH₃—CH₃
B. Ethene CH₂=CH₂
C. Ethanol CH₃—CH₂—OH
D. Ethanoic acid CH₃—C(=O)—OH
1.Using the formula gallery, identify which compound is an alkane, which is an alkene, which is an alcohol and which is a carboxylic acid.
2.Which displayed formula contains a carbon–carbon double bond? Name the homologous series it belongs to.
3.Match each functional group to one compound in the gallery: hydroxyl (–OH), carboxyl (–COOH), carbon–carbon double bond (C=C).
- Hydroxyl (–OH)
- Carboxyl (–COOH)
- Carbon–carbon double bond (C=C)
- D. Ethanoic acid
- B. Ethene
- C. Ethanol
4.A carbon atom has four valence electrons. Explain how this allows carbon atoms to form a wide variety of stable organic molecules.
5.An open-chain alkane has 5 carbon atoms. Use the general formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ to work out its molecular formula.
6.True or false: the two compounds in the formula gallery with two carbon atoms, ethane and ethene, have the same molecular formula.
TrueFalse
7.A saturated, straight-chain hydrocarbon contains three carbon atoms. Give its name and molecular formula.
8.Ethanol can be oxidised to ethanoic acid. Complete the word equation: ethanol + oxygen → + water.
9.A team needs a small molecule that has an –OH group and belongs to the alcohol family. Select the correct compound from the formula gallery and justify your choice using evidence in its displayed formula.
10.Draw a displayed structural formula for methanol, CH₄O. Show every atom and every covalent bond.
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