🦴 Part 1: Bone Tissue Knowledge Check

1. Which type of bone tissue forms the hard, outer layer of bones?

Spongy bone

Compact bone

Bone marrow

Cartilage

2. What are the main functions of bones? (Check all that apply)

Provide structural support

Protect internal organs

Produce blood cells

Store minerals like calcium

Digest food

3. Fill in the blanks: Compact bone is _______ and _______, whilst spongy bone is _______ and contains spaces filled with _______.

Word bank: dense, strong, lightweight, bone marrow

4. Which type of bone tissue would you find in the centre of a long bone like your femur?

Only compact bone

Only spongy bone

Both compact and spongy bone

Neither - only cartilage

🔬 Part 2: Bone Structure Matching & Labelling

5. Match each bone structure to its correct function:

A. Compact bone

B. Spongy bone

C. Bone marrow

D. Periosteum

1. Produces red and white blood cells

2. Provides strength and protection

3. Lightweight tissue that reduces bone weight

4. Outer membrane covering the bone

6. Diagram Activity: In the space below, draw and label a cross-section of a long bone. Include: compact bone, spongy bone, marrow cavity, and periosteum. Use different colours or patterns for each part.

🛠️ Part 3: Hands-On Model & Reflection

7. Model Building Instructions: Using your craft materials, create a 3D bone model following these steps:

• Step 1: Use cardboard tube for marrow cavity
• Step 2: Wrap aluminium foil around tube (compact bone)
• Step 3: Attach sponge pieces around the outside (spongy bone)
• Step 4: Label each part with paper tags

8. Explain why bones need both compact AND spongy bone tissue. What would happen if bones were made of only one type?

9. How does bone structure support hauora (wellbeing) in our daily lives? Give two specific examples.

10. Extension Challenge: Research and describe one way that bone tissue can repair itself when damaged (e.g., after a fracture).

🌟 Advanced Extension: Compare human bone structure to bird bones. How might their bone structure be different and why? What advantages would this give birds?