Chemical Structures and Reactions

Name:

Date:

📚 Part 1: Atomic Structures

Success criteria: I can draw electrons in the correct shells, label protons, neutrons and electrons, and write the counts for each.

1. Draw the atomic structure of magnesium (Mg). It has 12 electrons.

Label the nucleus with the number of protons and neutrons, and show electrons in shells. Include electron counts for each shell.

2. Draw the atomic structure of a fluoride ion (F⁻). Fluorine has 9 protons; the ion has 8 electrons.

Show the extra electron clearly and label protons, neutrons and electrons. State the net charge.

✏️ Part 2: Chemical Reactions

Success criteria: I can identify the type of reaction, justify my answer using chemical ideas (e.g. reactants/products, energy), and describe the name, colour and physical state of each reactant and product.

3. Look at the image in the header (burning candle). What type of reaction is occurring? Justify your answer with scientific reasoning.

Then, list each reactant and product. For each, give: name, typical colour, and physical state (solid, liquid, gas).

Space for listing reactants and products:

Hints: Consider oxygen, wax (hydrocarbon), carbon dioxide, water vapour and heat. Use terms like "combustion" and "exothermic".

4. Provide an example of a double replacement (double displacement) reaction. Write a balanced equation and then answer the same questions as Q3: name the reaction type, justify your choice, and describe the name, colour and state of each reactant and product.

Example to consider: AgNO3 + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO3 (you may use this or another double replacement reaction).

⚗️ Part 3: Acid–Base Neutralisation

Success criteria: I can write and balance an equation for neutralisation, name the reactants and products, describe their colours and states, and explain observable changes.

5. A student adds dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) to calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2 (the contents of a kettle or a sample of slaked lime). Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction. What type of reaction is it? Justify your answer.

Then, describe each reactant and product: name, typical colour, and state. Note any safety observations (e.g. heat released, salt formed).