Elements and Compounds Structures
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Elements and Compounds Structures
A quick guide
An element contains only one type of atom. A compound contains atoms of two or more different elements chemically joined. Some substances are made of small, separate molecules; others form giant structures. In a simple molecular substance, covalent bonds hold atoms together inside each molecule, but weaker forces act between molecules. Giant ionic structures contain alternating positive and negative ions. Giant covalent structures are networks of atoms joined by covalent bonds. Structure helps explain properties: many giant structures have high melting points, while simple molecular substances often melt or boil at lower temperatures. Ionic substances conduct electricity when molten or dissolved because their ions can move, but not when solid. Graphite is a giant covalent form of carbon with layers; each carbon has an electron that can move through the structure. Diamond is also giant covalent, but each carbon atom is bonded to four others, leaving no freely moving electrons.
Investigate the structures
Use the quick guide and the structure descriptions in Questions 1–6.
- Separate pairs of identical atoms, with only one type of atom present
- Separate groups, each containing atoms of two different elements joined together
- A continuous repeating arrangement of positive and negative ions
- A continuous network of atoms joined by covalent bonds
Structure and properties
Use the information about graphite and diamond in the quick guide for Questions 7–9.
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