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Reproduction and Inheritance Concepts

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Reproduction and Inheritance Concepts

Answer every question. For Punnett squares, show the alleles from each parent and the possible offspring genotypes. Treat each outcome as equally likely.

Reproduction, variation and DNA

Review how reproduction creates offspring, how traits vary, and how genetic information is organised.

1.Which event is essential for sexual reproduction?

A cell splits into two identical cells.
Two gametes join and form a zygote.
An organism grows a genetically identical bud.
A single cell copies itself by binary fission.

2.Which cell process helps make genetically different gametes by creating new combinations of alleles?

Mitosis
Meiosis
Budding
Binary fission

3.Human body height can take many values across a broad range. What type of variation does this show?

4.In a typical human cell, most DNA is found in the .

5.A display of an individual's chromosomes arranged in pairs is called a .

6.In humans, the typical sex chromosomes for a female are .

7.In humans, the typical sex chromosomes for a male are .

8.Select all the statements that correctly describe DNA.

It contains instructions used to make proteins.
It contributes to the control of cell activities.
It makes every offspring from sexual reproduction an identical clone.
It carries inherited information that can affect traits such as eye colour.

9.In a simple genetic model, what does it mean if an allele is dominant?

Using inheritance models

Use the allele information in each question. Punnett squares predict possible outcomes; they do not guarantee the result of an individual pregnancy.

10.A mother has XX sex chromosomes and a father has XY. Draw a Punnett square showing the possible sex-chromosome combinations in their offspring. State the probability of XX and XY outcomes.

Draw and label the cross described above.

11.For this simplified model, normal thumb is represented by dominant allele H and hitchhiker's thumb by recessive allele h. Two parents are both Hh. Draw a Punnett square and calculate the probability that their child has hitchhiker's thumb.

Show the gametes and all four possible offspring genotypes.

12.Explain briefly how knowledge of a whānau's whakapapa and health history could help assess inherited health risks for a child.

13.A recessive condition is represented by allele a. Two parents who do not have the condition are both carriers (Aa). Draw a Punnett square, then give the genotype ratio and the probabilities of an affected child, a carrier child, and an unaffected non-carrier child.

Draw the cross and label each possible genotype.