Reproduction and Inheritance Concepts

Name:

Date:

📚 Part 1: Multiple Choice, One-word & Fill-the-blanks

WALT: We are learning to identify differences between sexual and asexual reproduction, describe types of variation, and recall the role of DNA and karyotypes.

Success criteria: I can choose the correct reproduction type, name continuous/discontinuous variation, and fill key DNA/karyotype facts.

1. Which of the following is an example of sexual reproduction?

Budding (e.g., hydra)

Fusion of gametes to form a zygote

Binary fission (e.g., bacteria)

Identical cloning

2. Which process most directly produces genetic variation?

Mitosis

Meiosis

Asexual reproduction

Budding

3. One-word answer: Variation where traits form a continuous range (for example, human height) is called __________.

4. Fill in the blanks:

DNA is stored in the __________. A photograph or organised display of an organism's chromosomes is called a __________. Typical female sex chromosomes: ____ and male: ____.

5. Check all that apply — Roles of DNA (choose all correct):

Codes for proteins that build the body

Controls many cell activities

Causes identical clones in sexual reproduction

Determines the colour of eyes

6. Define in one sentence: What does "dominant" mean in genetics? (short answer)

✏️ Part 2: Punnett Squares, Prediction & Application

WALT: We are learning to predict inheritance using Punnett squares and interpret results for sex determination and simple traits.

Success criteria: I can draw Punnett squares for XX × XY, complete crosses for dominant/recessive traits and explain implications for whakapapa and health.

7. Draw a Punnett square for human sex determination: Mother = XX, Father = XY. In the square show all genotype boxes. Then state the probability of a son and a daughter.

8. Hitchhiker's thumb (h) is recessive. Normal thumb (H) is dominant. Two parents are both Hh. Draw the Punnett square and state the percentage chance a child will show the hitchhiker's thumb.

9. Whakapapa and health: In one short paragraph, explain how knowing a family's whakapapa (family health history) can help predict health risks for children.

10. Extension challenge (advanced): Two carriers (Aa) of a recessive genetic condition have a baby. Use a Punnett square to show genotype ratios and give the probabilities that the child is: affected, a carrier, or unaffected. (Draw the square and write the probabilities.)

📝 Teacher notes, differentiation, dyslexia-friendly options & Answer Key

Differentiation strategies: Provide sentence starters for students who need support (e.g., "Dominant means..."). Allow labelled diagrams for EAL learners. Give manipulatives (coloured counters) to build Punnett squares for kinaesthetic learners.

Extension activities: Research a real genetic condition and prepare a short explanation of inheritance pattern; model polygenic traits and continuous variation using class data (e.g., height).

Dyslexia-friendly reading options: Use larger sans-serif fonts, increase line spacing, provide an audio version of the worksheet, and supply colour overlays or high-contrast printouts if needed.

Answer Key (brief)

Correct: Fusion of gametes to form a zygote (sexual reproduction involves gamete fusion).

Correct: Meiosis (produces new combinations of alleles leading to variation).

Answer: continuous

Answers: nucleus; karyotype; XX (female), XY (male).

Correct choices: Codes for proteins; Controls cell activities; Determines eye colour. (Not: causes identical clones)

Sample answer: A dominant allele is one that expresses its trait when at least one copy is present (masks a recessive allele).

Punnett square: Mother XX across top, Father X and Y down side → Boxes: X (from mum)+X (dad)=XX, X+Y=XY, XX and XY each 50%. Probability: 50% daughter, 50% son.

Punnett square for Hh × Hh gives genotypes: HH, Hh, Hh, hh → 25% hh (hitchhiker's thumb), 50% carriers (Hh), 25% homozygous dominant (HH).

Sample points: Family whakapapa shows patterns of inherited conditions and carrier status, helps doctors assess risk and recommend screening or early interventions.

10.

For Aa × Aa: Genotypes = AA (25%), Aa (50%), aa (25%). Probabilities: affected (aa) 25%, carrier (Aa) 50%, unaffected non-carrier (AA) 25%.