Atoms and Elements Basics
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Atoms and Elements Basics
The tiny building blocks
All substances are made from atoms. Atoms are extremely small. Each atom has a central nucleus containing protons, which have a positive charge, and neutrons, which have no charge. Electrons have a negative charge and are found around the nucleus. An element is a substance made from just one type of atom. The chemical symbols for elements use one or two letters: the first is always a capital letter.
- A substance made from one type of atom
- A substance made from atoms of different elements joined together
- Two or more substances mixed without joining
- A single proton
Read the clues
A particle model uses circles to show atoms. Circles touching with a link between them represent atoms chemically joined. Separate groups are not joined to one another.
Sample A: ○ ○ ○ All three circles represent the same type of atom.
Sample B: ●—○ ●—○ Each linked pair contains two different types of atom.
Sample C: △ △ ○ ○ There are two types of atom, shown in separate groups.
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
- Carbon
- Sodium
- O
- C
- H
- Na
3 printable pages
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
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