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Chemistry Concepts Quiz

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Chemistry Concepts Quiz

Use the clues, particle data, and chemistry ideas on this page to solve each question. For short answers, include enough detail to show your thinking.

Atomic Structure and Isotopes

The atomic number tells how many protons an atom has. In a neutral atom, electrons equal protons. The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons.

1.A neutral atom has atomic number 8 and mass number 18. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does it have?

2.Carbon-12 and carbon-14 are isotopes. What is the same in atoms of these two isotopes, and what is different?

3.A magnesium atom has 12 protons and 12 electrons. It loses 2 electrons. What is the charge of the ion it forms, and how many electrons does it have now?

Element Clues

Use the data below. The listed mass numbers are whole-number values for these example atoms.

Element

Atomic number

Mass number

Sodium (Na)

Chlorine (Cl)

4.Use the element clues to calculate the number of neutrons in one sodium-23 atom and one chlorine-35 atom. Show each subtraction.

5.Which statement best defines matter?

Anything that has mass and takes up space
Anything that gives off light
Only solids and liquids

6.Sodium is a metal and chlorine is a nonmetal. When they form sodium chloride, which type of bond holds the ions together?

Ionic bond
Covalent bond
No chemical bond forms

7.In sodium chloride, sodium forms Na⁺ and chlorine forms Cl⁻. Explain how electron transfer creates these charges.

8.True or false: A neutral atom of oxygen, with atomic number 8, has 8 protons and 8 electrons.

TrueFalse

9.Match each particle or term with its description.

Proton
Neutron
Electron
Isotope

Neutral particle in the nucleus
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
Negatively charged particle outside the nucleus
Positively charged particle in the nucleus

10.Fluorine, sodium, and potassium have electronegativity values of 3.98, 0.93, and 0.82, respectively. Which element has the greatest electronegativity?

11.Main-group elements in Group 1 have one valence electron. Predict how a Group 1 atom can reach a full outer shell when it reacts.