Offspring inherit half of their genes from each parent

Offspring are genetic clones of the single parent

Requires meiosis and fertilization

Always increases genetic variation

Offspring get identical DNA from one parent

Mutations occur only during asexual reproduction

Gametes from two parents combine, mixing different alleles

Mitosis creates new allele combinations

Mitosis

Meiosis

Binary fission

Budding

Have high genetic diversity

Produce offspring with new combinations of parental alleles

Consist mostly of genetically similar individuals

Always adapt quickly to new diseases

Fertilization of egg by sperm

Plant propagation from a cutting

Pollination by bees

Formation of zygote

Faster population growth with identical offspring

Lower energy cost because only one parent is needed

Greater genetic variety that can help survival in changing environments

Complete protection from mutations

It makes all individuals identical so they survive equally

It provides material for natural selection to act upon

It eliminates harmful mutations immediately

It prevents any changes in a species over time

When environments change rapidly and unpredictably

In stable environments where an existing genotype is well-suited

When mixing of alleles increases disease resistance

When genetic variation is required for adaptation

DNA replication without crossing over

Crossing over (exchange of chromosome segments)

Identical segregation of sister chromatids into the same gamete

Cell growth with no chromosome change

Encourage sexual reproduction by seed mixing

Use asexual cloning methods like cuttings or grafting

Rely on natural pollinators to increase variation

Promote random mating among plants