Roman Republic to Empire
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Roman Republic to Empire
📖 Part 1: Reading and Understanding
I can read and understand historical texts about ancient Rome.
Success Criteria: I can identify main ideas, find specific details, and explain cause and effect relationships in the text.
The Fall of the Roman Republic
The Roman Republic lasted for about 500 years, but it began to fall apart in the first century BC. Several problems caused this decline.
Political Problems: Roman politicians became more interested in personal power than helping Rome. They formed secret alliances called "triumvirates" to control the government. The most famous was between Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus.
Civil Wars: Romans began fighting against other Romans. Caesar crossed the Rubicon River with his army in 49 BC, starting a civil war against Pompey. Caesar won, but senators assassinated (killed) him in 44 BC because they feared he had too much power.
The Rise of Augustus: After Caesar's death, more civil wars broke out. Finally, Caesar's adopted son Octavian defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. The Senate gave Octavian the title "Augustus," meaning "the revered one." He became Rome's first emperor in 27 BC, ending the Republic and beginning the Roman Empire.
Key Vocabulary:
- Republic: A government where people elect leaders
- Empire: A government ruled by one person (emperor)
- Civil war: Fighting between people from the same country
- Assassinate: To kill an important political leader
____ Augustus becomes first emperor
____ Caesar crosses the Rubicon River
____ Senators assassinate Julius Caesar
____ Battle of Actium
📚 Part 2: Multiple Choice & True/False
I can identify key events and figures in Roman history.
✏️ Part 3: Short Answer Questions
I can explain causes and effects of major changes in Roman history.
🌍 Part 4: Critical Thinking
I can analyze how Roman history influenced Western civilization.
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