Transport in Living Organisms
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Transport in Living Organisms
Exchange and diffusion
Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In single-celled organisms, substances can move directly across the cell surface. In large organisms, many cells are far from the outside environment.
- They have a small surface area compared with their volume, so diffusion alone cannot meet the needs of all their cells.
- They have no exchange surfaces.
- They do not need oxygen or dissolved food.
- Their cells are all next to the outside environment.
Transport routes
Animals use blood to carry substances around the body. Plants use xylem to move water and mineral ions, mainly from roots towards leaves, and phloem to move dissolved sugars from leaves to other parts of the plant.
- Xylem
- Phloem
- Blood
- The leaf surface
- Xylem
- Phloem
- Blood in animals
- Dissolved sugars
- Water and mineral ions
- Substances such as oxygen, dissolved food and waste
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