Volcanoes: Earth's Fiery Mountains
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Volcanoes: Earth's Fiery Mountains
Field note: A restless mountain
Many volcanoes form where pieces of Earth's outer layer meet or where hot rock rises from deep underground. Beneath the surface, melted rock is called magma. When magma erupts and reaches the surface, it is called lava. An eruption may also send out ash, rock fragments and gases. A crater is an opening near the top of many volcanoes. In Aotearoa New Zealand, Mount Ruapehu is an active volcano. It can be quiet for long periods, but it may erupt again. Volcanic areas can have fertile soil and geothermal energy, but eruptions can also threaten people, buildings and transport.
Explore and investigate
- A place where magma, gases and rock can reach Earth's surface
- A mountain made only of ice
- A crack that always contains flowing water
- Active
- Dormant
- Extinct
- Not expected to erupt again
- Erupting now or has erupted in recent times; it may erupt again
- Quiet at present, but could erupt again
- Some volcanic soils can be good for growing crops
- Geothermal energy can be used for heating or electricity
- Eruptions can never affect nearby communities
- Lava makes every road safer
2 printable pages
Page 1
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