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Chemical Bonding Recap

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Chemical Bonding Recap

A materials team is checking compounds for a new coastal desalination plant. Use the particle clues and your chemistry knowledge to classify bonds and explain how they form. Assume atoms form bonds by gaining, losing or sharing valence electrons.

Bonding clues

Use this guide as you investigate: ionic bonding involves electron transfer and attraction between oppositely charged ions; covalent bonding involves atoms sharing electron pairs. Ionic compounds commonly form from metals and non-metals; covalent molecules commonly form from non-metals.

Investigate the bonding

1.A student says, “Valency is the number of protons in an atom.” Choose the best correction.

Valency describes an atom’s combining capacity, linked to how it gains, loses or shares electrons.
Valency is the total number of neutrons in the nucleus.
Valency is the mass number of an atom.
Valency is the number of electron shells in every atom.

2.In the sodium chloride model, state which atom loses an electron, which atom gains it, and the charge of each ion formed.

3.Which description correctly explains a covalent bond in a water molecule?

Oxygen transfers both of its outer electrons to hydrogen.
Oxygen and each hydrogen share an electron pair.
Hydrogen and oxygen share protons.
Water forms when positive and negative ions attract.

4.Classify each substance as mainly ionic or covalent: MgO, CH₄, CaF₂ and CO₂. Give one clue that supports your classifications.

5.Lithium has one valence electron and fluorine has seven. Explain how they form lithium fluoride, including electron movement and the formula’s ion ratio.

6.A compound is made only from non-metal atoms. Which bond type is most likely, and what happens to the valence electrons?

7.True or false: An ionic compound is made of neutral molecules, with no attraction between charged particles. Correct the statement if it is false.

TrueFalse

8.A sample of an unknown compound contains calcium and fluorine. Predict its bond type and explain your prediction using the elements’ categories.

9.The materials team needs to correct a label saying “salt dissolves because its atoms share electrons with water”. Explain what is wrong with this explanation. Include the role of ions and water molecules.

10.An oxygen atom has six valence electrons and needs two more for a full outer shell. In a covalent compound, how many single covalent bonds can oxygen typically form? Explain briefly.