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Electron Valency and Ion Formation

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Electron Valency and Ion Formation

Investigate how atoms form ions by transferring electrons. Use the simplified outer-shell model in this sheet: many atoms become more stable when their outer shell is full. Electrons are transferred; protons do not change.

Decode the Charges

Remember: an atom is neutral when it has equal numbers of protons and electrons. Losing negative electrons makes an ion positive; gaining them makes an ion negative.

1.A neutral atom has 11 protons and 11 electrons. It loses one electron. What is its new charge, and how many electrons does it now have?

2.An atom gains two electrons. Choose the result.

A 2+ cation
A 2− anion
A neutral atom

3.True or false: When magnesium forms Mg²⁺, its nucleus has two fewer protons than the neutral magnesium atom.

TrueFalse

4.Complete the ion notation: an aluminium atom loses three electrons to form Al.

5.Match each change to the ion formed.

Loses one electron
Gains one electron
Loses two electrons
Gains two electrons

2+ ion
1+ ion
2− ion
1− ion

Valency in a Reaction

Sodium chloride forms when sodium transfers an electron to chlorine. The resulting oppositely charged ions attract. Apply the same reasoning to other atoms.

6.Oxygen has six electrons in its outer shell. How many electrons does it usually gain to fill that shell, and what ion does it form?

7.A student writes: “Chlorine becomes Cl⁺ because it gains one electron.” Identify the error and write the correct ion notation.

8.A magnesium atom transfers electrons to oxygen. State how many electrons move, the ions formed, and why the ions attract.

9.A mystery ion has 17 protons and 18 electrons. Work out its charge and decide whether it is a cation or an anion.

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About This Worksheet

Free in Kuraplan

Print-Ready

AI-Generated

For Teachers & Parents

Need a custom version of this worksheet?

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