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Probability Experiments and Trials
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Probability Experiments and Trials
Choose the best answer where options are provided. Some questions may have more than one correct answer; follow the directions in each question. Show your thinking for written answers.
Understanding Probability
1.A fair spinner is divided into five equal sections: one orange, one purple, one green, one blue and one pink. What is the theoretical probability of landing on green?
- 1/2
- 1/5
- 1/4
- 5/1
2.A fair six-sided number cube is rolled once. What is the theoretical probability of rolling an even number?
- 1/6
- 1/3
- 1/2
- 2/3
3.Select the two statements that are generally correct about probability experiments.
- With more trials, experimental results often get closer to the theoretical probability.
- The theoretical probability for a fair coin landing on heads changes each time it is tossed.
- The observed results must match the theoretical probability exactly in every set of trials.
- A computer can simulate many trials in a short time.
4.A six-sided number cube is rolled 30 times. It lands on 4 in 7 of those rolls. State the observed frequency of rolling a 4 as a count, a fraction of the trials, and a percentage.
Planning and Comparing Trials
5.Draw a spinner with four equal sections. Label the sections teal, red, yellow and violet.
6.The four sections on a spinner are equal in size and each has a different colour: teal, red, yellow or violet. What is the theoretical probability of landing on each colour?
Number rolled
20 rolls
200 rolls
1
2 times
31 times
6
5 times
35 times
7.A fair number cube has a theoretical probability of 1/6 for rolling a 1. Using the trial-results table, which set of rolls had an observed fraction for rolling 1 that was closer to 1/6: 20 rolls or 200 rolls?
8.Give one reason the 200-roll result for rolling a 1 might be closer to the theoretical probability than the 20-roll result.
Thinking About Experimental Results
9.In 12 spins of a spinner with four equal sections of different colours, including red, red appears 9 times. Can you conclude that red is the most likely result on the spinner? Explain why or why not.
10.Explain the difference between theoretical probability and observed frequency. Include a suitable example using a fair coin.
11.Why is a digital simulation useful when investigating the results of thousands of number-cube rolls?
3 printable pages
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