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Rock Types and Properties
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Rock Types and Properties
Choose the best answer for each multiple-choice question. Write complete explanations where requested.
Rock types and their formation
1.Which process turns molten rock into solid igneous rock?
- Cooling and crystallisation
- Compaction and cementation
- Heating and squeezing
- Weathering and erosion
2.Which feature is commonly found in sedimentary rock?
- Layers of deposited material
- Minerals melted into liquid
- Bands made only by volcanic gases
- Crystals formed as lava cools instantly
3.What mainly causes an existing rock to become metamorphic?
- Heat and pressure
- Freezing and thawing at the surface
- The settling of loose sand
- Rapid cooling in the air
4.Which rock is most likely to preserve fossils?
- Limestone
- Granite
- Obsidian
- Quartzite
Classifying rocks
5.A sample has rounded sand grains cemented together, with a few visible shell fragments. Name its rock type and explain which clues support your classification.
6.A dark rock formed when lava cooled quickly at Earth's surface. Identify its rock type and explain how its formation supports your answer.
7.A rock has alternating light and dark mineral bands and formed deep underground. Identify its rock type and give one reason for your answer.
8.Match each rock to the description that best fits it.
- Basalt
- Marble
- Shale
- Granite
- Conglomerate
- Slate
- Metamorphic rock made when limestone is changed by heat and pressure
- Coarse-grained igneous rock with crystals that cooled slowly underground
- Metamorphic rock that can split into flat layers
- Fine-grained igneous rock commonly formed from lava
- Sedimentary rock containing rounded pebbles held together by finer material
- Sedimentary rock made from compacted mud that can split into thin sheets
The rock cycle
9.What two processes turn loose sediments into sedimentary rock?
10.What process must happen to any rock before it becomes magma?
11.Name the process that breaks exposed rock into smaller pieces that can later become sediment.
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