Rock Types and Properties

Name:

Date:

📚 Part 1: Multiple Choice

1. Which rock type forms when magma cools and crystallises?

Igneous

Sedimentary

Metamorphic

2. Which property is most typical of sedimentary rocks?

Distinct layering (strata)

Interlocking crystals from high heat

Glassy, non-porous texture

3. Metamorphic rocks are produced mainly by:

Heat and pressure altering existing rocks

Weathering and cementation of sediments

Rapid cooling of lava at the surface

4. Which rock is most likely to contain fossils?

Sandstone

Basalt

Gneiss

✏️ Part 2: Short Answers & Classification

5. Sample A: A rock with visible rounded grains cemented together, some shell fragments visible. Classify this rock and give one sentence explaining your choice.

6. Sample B: A dark, glassy rock formed from lava cooled very quickly at the surface. Classify this rock and give one sentence explaining your choice.

7. Sample C: A banded rock with alternating light and dark mineral layers formed beneath the Earth's surface. Classify this rock and give one sentence explaining your choice.

8. Match each rock name (left) with the best description (right). Draw lines or write the matching letter.

A. Limestone

B. Basalt

C. Marble

D. Shale

1. Formed from compacted clay and silt; splits into thin sheets

2. Fine-grained volcanic rock, often dark-coloured

3. Metamorphosed limestone with interlocking crystals

4. Often contains calcium carbonate shells; common sedimentary rock

9. Fill in the blanks — rock cycle processes (one or two words each):

a) Molten rock cools and solidifies: _________

b) Sediments become sedimentary rock by _________ and _________