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Action Reaction Forces Fun

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Action Reaction Forces Fun

Read the science note, then solve each challenge. For every question, name the two objects in the interaction and think about which way each one is pushed. Forces in an action–reaction pair act on different objects.

The science idea

Newton’s third law says that when one object pushes or pulls another object, the second object pushes or pulls back with an equal-sized force in the opposite direction. These two forces act at the same time on different objects. For example, when a swimmer pushes water backwards, the water pushes the swimmer forwards.

Challenge 1: Follow the force pairs

Use the science note and the information in each question to answer the challenges. For question 1, the balloon moves to the right as air escapes.

1.The balloon moves to the right. Which way does the balloon push the escaping air?
  • In the same direction as the balloon’s motion
  • In the opposite direction to the balloon’s motion
  • Straight upwards
2.The balloon pushes the air to the left. What does the air do to the balloon?
3.A student says, “The balloon’s force on the air is bigger than the air’s force on the balloon.” Is the student right? Explain using Newton’s third law.
4.When Hana walks forwards, her shoe pushes the ground backwards. Complete the force pair: the ground pushes Hana’s shoe .
5.Match each action to its reaction. Each action–reaction pair happens at the same time.
  • A. A swimmer pushes water backwards.
  • B. A foot pushes down on the ground.
  • C. A hand pushes on a wall.
  • 2. The water pushes the swimmer forwards.
  • 1. The ground pushes the foot upwards.
  • 3. The wall pushes back on the hand.

Challenge 2: Explain what happens

Think carefully about which object receives each force. A force pair does not cancel out because its forces act on different objects.

6.A ball hits the floor and bounces upwards. While the ball presses down on the floor, which direction does the floor’s force on the ball act?
  • Downwards
  • Upwards
  • Sideways
7.The floor pushes upwards on a bouncing ball, and the ball pushes downwards on the floor. Why don’t these two forces cancel each other out on the ball?
8.Rawiri pushes a sturdy wall with his hands. Name the two objects in the force pair and describe the direction of each force.
9.Describe one everyday example of an action–reaction force pair. Name both objects, say which way each is pushed or pulled, and explain how the forces are related.

2 printable pages

  • A science note about Newton’s third law and a text description of a balloon rocket: escaping air moves opposite to the balloon’s motion.

    Page 1

  • Challenges about force pairs in walking, swimming, bouncing balls, pushing walls, and everyday motion.

    Page 2

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