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Energy and Forces Review

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Energy and Forces Review

Use the situations and data on this sheet to review how forces affect motion and how energy is transferred or transformed. Show your reasoning where asked.

Part A: Energy in action

Think about the skateboarder and the energy changes in the situations below.

1.As the skateboarder rolls down the ramp, which energy transformation best describes the main change?

Kinetic energy changes into gravitational potential energy.
Gravitational potential energy changes into kinetic energy.
Sound energy changes into chemical energy.
Thermal energy changes into gravitational potential energy.

2.When the skateboarder slows to a stop, some of the skateboarder's mechanical energy is transferred to the surroundings. Name two forms this energy may take.

3.A battery-powered torch is switched on. Complete the energy chain: chemical energy in the battery → energy → light energy and energy.

Part B: Forces and motion

A force can change an object's speed, direction or shape. Balanced forces do not change an object's motion.

4.Which force acts between any two objects that have mass, even when they are not touching?

Friction
Air resistance
Gravity
Contact force

5.A moving object with balanced forces acting on it will keep moving at a constant speed in a straight line, unless another force changes its motion.

TrueFalse

6.A book rests on a horizontal desk. In the drawing box, sketch the book and add arrows to show the two main forces acting on it. Label each arrow with the force and its direction.

Draw the book and its force arrows here.

7.Use the ideas of balanced forces and resultant force to explain why the book on the desk stays still.

8.Match each situation to the force that is most important in it.

A bicycle tyre gripping the road
A parachute slowing a falling person
A magnet pulling a steel paper clip

Air resistance
Magnetic force
Friction

Part C: Put it together

Use the investigation results and your knowledge of forces to make a prediction.

Floor surface

Distance travelled (m)

Smooth board

2.4

Short carpet

1.1

9.The trolley travelled farther on the smooth board than on the carpet. Explain how friction helps account for this difference.

10.Predict what would happen to the trolley's stopping distance if an even rougher surface were used. Explain your prediction using forces and energy.