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Moles and Avogadro's Calculations

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Moles and Avogadro's Calculations

Molecular structure illustration

🔬 Part 1: Understanding Moles and Formula Mass

1. What is the definition of a mole in chemistry?

A unit for measuring temperature

A counting unit equal to 6.02 × 10²³ particles

The mass of one atom

A type of chemical bond

2. Calculate the relative formula mass (Mr) of water (H₂O). Show your working.

Given: H = 1, O = 16

Mr of H₂O = _________

3. Using the formula: moles = mass (g) / Mr, calculate the number of moles in 36g of water (H₂O).

Number of moles = _________ mol

4. Calculate the mass of 0.5 mol of sodium chloride (NaCl). Given: Na = 23, Cl = 35.5

Mass = _________ g

⚛️ Part 2: Avogadro's Constant and Particle Calculations

5. What is Avogadro's constant?

Avogadro's constant = _________________ particles per mole

6. Calculate the number of atoms in 2.5 moles of carbon.

Formula: Number of particles = moles × 6.02 × 10²³

Number of atoms = _________________ atoms

7. How many moles are there in 1.204 × 10²⁴ molecules of carbon dioxide (CO₂)?

Number of moles = _________ mol

🚀 Part 3: Multi-step Challenge Problems

8. A chemist has 54g of aluminium (Al). Calculate:

Given: Al = 27

a) The number of moles of aluminium:

b) The total number of aluminium atoms:

9. How many oxygen atoms are present in 88g of carbon dioxide (CO₂)?

Given: C = 12, O = 16

Hint: Remember that each CO₂ molecule contains 2 oxygen atoms

Number of oxygen atoms = _________________

10. Explain in your own words why the mole concept is important in chemistry.

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