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Plant Nutrients and Growth

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Plant Nutrients and Growth

Use the information and results on this sheet to investigate how mineral ions affect plant growth. Give scientific reasons where asked.

Nutrients, symptoms and evidence

Plants need mineral ions for essential molecules and processes. They absorb these ions in solution through their roots. A deficiency is a shortage that limits normal growth.

1.A grower notices that a crop has yellowing older leaves and stunted growth. Which deficiency is most likely, and what important plant molecules are affected?
2.Which mineral ion is part of the chlorophyll molecule, so its deficiency can cause yellowing between the veins of leaves?
  • Magnesium
  • Potassium
  • Phosphate
  • Nitrate
3.Match each mineral ion to its role or a common effect of deficiency.
  • Nitrate
  • Phosphate
  • Potassium
  • Magnesium
  • Needed for enzyme activity
  • Needed to make amino acids and proteins
  • Needed for DNA, phospholipids and ATP
  • Part of the chlorophyll molecule
4.A plant has poor root growth and accumulates less ATP. Which mineral ion is most likely deficient? Explain the link to ATP.

Treatment

Mean dry mass (g)

Visible observation

Complete nutrient solution

2.40

Green leaves; vigorous growth

No nitrate ions

1.10

Older leaves yellow; small plants

No phosphate ions

1.55

Poor root development

No magnesium ions

1.30

Yellowing between leaf veins

5.Use the results table to calculate the difference in mean dry mass between the complete-solution group and the no-nitrate group. Include the unit.
6.Which mineral-ion omission had the greatest effect on dry mass? Support your choice with a comparison from the table.
7.A student concludes that nitrate deficiency alone caused the lower dry mass. Give one reason why this conclusion should be treated cautiously, and describe one improvement to the investigation.
8.For a fair test of nitrate deficiency, identify the independent variable, one dependent variable and two conditions that should be controlled.
9.A greenhouse grower plans to add fertiliser whenever plants grow slowly. Explain why diagnosing the deficiency first can be more sustainable than adding a large amount of general fertiliser.

3 printable pages

  • Plant Nutrients and Growth, page 1 of 3: Nutrients, symptoms and evidence

    Page 1

  • Plant Nutrients and Growth, page 2 of 3: Complete nutrient solution 2.40 Green leaves; vigorous growth

    Page 2

  • Plant Nutrients and Growth, page 3 of 3: 9. A greenhouse grower plans to add fertiliser whenever plants grow slowly. Explain why

    Page 3

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