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GATE 8th Grade History

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GATE 8th Grade History

Read the four short source excerpts and their context notes. Then use evidence from them to investigate how ideas about American government changed and stayed the same. The excerpts are shortened for this activity.

Source File

A. Declaration of Independence (1776): “All men are created equal” and have rights including “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” The colonies declared that governments receive “their just powers from the consent of the governed.” Context: The declaration explained why the colonies were separating from Britain. B. Federalist No. 10 (1787): James Madison argued that factions—groups united by interests or passions—could threaten the rights of others. He said a large republic with elected representatives could help control their harmful effects. Context: Madison wrote in support of ratifying the proposed Constitution. C. George Washington’s Farewell Address (1796): Washington warned Americans to be cautious about lasting political factions and permanent alliances with foreign nations. Context: He gave this advice as he left the presidency. D. Gettysburg Address (1863): Abraham Lincoln described the United States as a nation “conceived in Liberty” and dedicated to the idea that “all men are created equal.” He called for government “of the people, by the people, for the people.” Context: Lincoln spoke during the Civil War, after the Battle of Gettysburg.

Read Closely

Use the source letters (A–D) in your answers. More than one answer may be reasonable when you support it with evidence.

1.Which source most directly explains why the American colonies declared independence from Britain?
  • Source A, the Declaration of Independence
  • Source B, Federalist No. 10
  • Source C, Washington’s Farewell Address
  • Source D, the Gettysburg Address
2.In Source B, what danger did Madison believe factions could create?
  • They could threaten the rights of other people.
  • They could end all elections.
  • They could force the United States into a foreign alliance.
  • They could prevent the colonies from declaring independence.
3.Which two concerns did Washington raise in Source C?
  • Lasting political factions and permanent foreign alliances
  • The loss of colonies and the end of representative government
  • The need for a larger army and a stronger king
  • The dangers of elections and written laws
4.Put the four sources in chronological order. Write their letters from earliest to latest.
5.Both Sources A and D refer to equality. What challenge did the United States face between these two documents that made the idea of equality especially urgent in 1863?
6.Compare Madison’s argument in Source B with Washington’s warning in Source C. Name one idea they share and explain one difference in what each emphasizes.
7.Source D calls for government “of the people, by the people, for the people.” Explain what this phrase suggests about who should hold political power. Connect your explanation to one idea in Source A or B.
8.A student says, “The Gettysburg Address introduced the idea of equality to American political life.” Is this fully accurate? Use evidence from at least two sources to correct or support the claim.
9.Write a short historical claim about how American ideas of government changed or continued from 1776 to 1863. Support it with evidence from at least three sources, and explain how one source’s historical context matters.

3 printable pages

  • GATE 8th Grade History, page 1 of 3: Source File, Read Closely

    Page 1

  • GATE 8th Grade History, page 2 of 3: 2. In Source B, what danger did Madison believe factions could create?

    Page 2

  • GATE 8th Grade History, page 3 of 3: 8. A student says, “The Gettysburg Address introduced the idea of equality to American…

    Page 3

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