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Newton's Laws Unit Test

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Newton's Laws Unit Test

Ethan, Jayden, and Brianna are testing a wheeled supply cart in a library makerspace. Use Newton's three laws to explain and predict what happens. For calculation questions, show your setup and include units.

Identify the Law

Choose the best answer for each situation.

1.The cart is parked and stays still until someone pushes it. Which law best explains this?
  • Newton's First Law: an object's motion changes when an unbalanced force acts on it
  • Newton's Second Law: force equals mass times acceleration
  • Newton's Third Law: forces come in action-reaction pairs
  • The law of conservation of energy
2.Jayden pushes the same cart with twice as much force. If its mass stays the same, what happens to its acceleration?
  • It stays the same
  • It doubles
  • It is cut in half
  • It becomes zero
3.When Brianna pushes the cart, the cart pushes back on her hands. Which law describes this pair of forces?
  • Newton's First Law
  • Newton's Second Law
  • Newton's Third Law
  • The law of inertia only

Calculate and Predict

Use Newton's Second Law, F = ma. Force is measured in newtons (N), mass in kilograms (kg), and acceleration in meters per second squared (m/s²).

4.The cart has a mass of 8 kg. Ethan pushes it with a net force of 24 N. What is its acceleration? Show the calculation and include units.
5.A loaded cart has a mass of 15 kg and accelerates at 2 m/s². What net force acts on it? Show the calculation and include units.
6.Two students push the cart in opposite directions. Ethan pushes right with 18 N and Jayden pushes left with 11 N. What is the net force and direction? Explain how you worked it out.
7.The cart rolls across the floor and gradually slows down after the push ends. Name the force that mainly causes it to slow and describe its effect.

Explain Your Thinking

Use complete sentences and connect your explanation to the correct law.

8.The cart is carrying a stack of books. The same push is applied to the loaded cart and the empty cart. Which cart accelerates more, and why?
9.Explain why a stack of books on the cart tends to keep moving forward if the cart suddenly stops. Use the word inertia.
10.Jayden says, “The cart pushes back on Brianna, so those two forces cancel and the cart cannot move.” Is he correct? Explain which objects the forces act on.

3 printable pages

  • Newton's Laws Unit Test, page 1 of 3: Identify the Law

    Page 1

  • Newton's Laws Unit Test, page 2 of 3: Calculate and Predict, Explain Your Thinking

    Page 2

  • Newton's Laws Unit Test, page 3 of 3: 9. Explain why a stack of books on the cart tends to keep moving forward if the cart…

    Page 3

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