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Rock Cycle Explorations

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Rock Cycle Explorations

A storm has exposed fresh rock near a lighthouse on the Australian coast. Help Zach and Harper work out how the rocks formed and how they might change next. Use the evidence in each task. Remember: rocks can follow different pathways, and the cycle has no single starting point.

Read the evidence

At the lighthouse headland, Zach finds a dark rock with small crystals. Harper spots a pale rock made of rounded grains pressed into layers. On a nearby cliff, a rock has wavy bands of light and dark minerals. The headland is made of ancient rocks, but waves, wind and rain are continually breaking exposed surfaces into smaller pieces. Some grains are carried offshore and settle on the sea floor. Deep underground, buried rocks may be heated or squeezed; if rock becomes hot enough to melt, it forms magma. Over long periods, uplift can expose buried rocks at the surface.

1.Which rock type most likely formed when molten rock cooled and crystallised?
  • Igneous
  • Sedimentary
  • Metamorphic
  • All rocks form this way
2.Match each headland clue to the most likely rock type.
  • Dark rock with small crystals
  • Rounded grains pressed into layers
  • Wavy bands of light and dark minerals
  • Sedimentary
  • Metamorphic
  • Igneous
3.Choose the sequence that best describes how grains on the sea floor could become sedimentary rock.
  • Cooling, melting, eruption
  • Weathering and erosion, deposition, compaction and cementation
  • Heat and pressure, melting, cooling
  • Uplift, crystallisation, weathering
4.Select both processes that can break exposed rock into sediment and move it away.
  • Weathering
  • Erosion
  • Cooling and crystallisation
  • Compaction and cementation
5.Harper says, “Only igneous rocks can eventually become metamorphic rocks.” Is this statement true or false? Explain your choice using evidence from the passage.
6.Complete the pathway: sedimentary rock → heat and pressure → rock. Name the process that changes it.
7.A rock melts deep underground. What material forms, and what process could turn it into igneous rock later?
8.Zach claims that every rock follows the same fixed route around the cycle. Give one reason her claim is incorrect.
9.Put these events in a sensible order for forming a sedimentary rock from exposed rock: (A) sediment is deposited, (B) existing rock is weathered and eroded, (C) sediment is compacted and cemented.
10.Explain why the rock cycle is usually too slow to observe from beginning to end during a human lifetime. Include one process that can take a very long time.

2 printable pages

  • Rock Cycle Explorations, page 1 of 2: Read the evidence

    Page 1

  • Rock Cycle Explorations, page 2 of 2: 4. Select both processes that can break exposed rock into sediment and move it away.

    Page 2

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