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Energy Transfer Investigation Worksheet

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Energy Transfer Investigation Worksheet

A community sports club wants to keep drinks cool during a hot Australian afternoon. Use the investigation plan and sample data to explore how materials affect energy transfer. Answer each question using scientific reasoning. In this investigation, heat moves from the warmer surroundings into the cooler water.

Plan the investigation

A student wraps identical beakers of cool water in different materials, then measures the water temperature over time. The beakers start at the same temperature and sit side by side in the same room.

1.Which is the best investigable question for this test?
  • How does the type of wrapping material affect the temperature rise of water over 20 minutes?
  • Which material looks the most comfortable?
  • Why does water become warm?
  • Which beaker is the nicest to use?
2.Write a hypothesis predicting which wrapping will slow the water warming most. Use the idea that trapped air is a poor thermal conductor.
3.Identify the independent variable and the dependent variable in this investigation.
4.Select TWO conditions that should be kept the same to make the comparison fair.
  • Starting water temperature
  • Volume of water in each beaker
  • Wrapping material
  • Colour of the classroom wall

Read the results

The student used 200 mL of water in each identical beaker. Starting water temperature was 10°C. All beakers were placed in a room at 24°C. Temperature was measured every 5 minutes.

Wrapping

0 min

10 min

20 min

No wrapping

10°C

16°C

20°C

Cotton cloth

10°C

14°C

17°C

Aluminium foil

10°C

15°C

19°C

Bubble wrap

10°C

12°C

14°C

5.Calculate the temperature rise after 20 minutes for each condition: no wrapping, cotton cloth, aluminium foil and bubble wrap.
6.Which material was the best insulator in this test? Cite the data that supports your choice.
7.Describe the overall pattern in the results as time passed.
8.Choose the best explanation for bubble wrap’s result.
  • Air trapped in the bubbles is a poor conductor, slowing heat transfer into the water.
  • The bubbles create cold energy that enters the water.
  • Plastic always lowers the temperature of nearby objects.
  • The beaker made more thermal energy disappear.

Evaluate and improve

Think about how trustworthy the results are and how the investigation could be made stronger.

9.Why would repeating each test three times improve the investigation?
10.The beakers were placed near a sunny window. Explain why this could weaken the test.
11.Suggest one specific improvement to the method and explain how it would help.
12.In one or two sentences, make a claim about which wrapping the club should use, and support it with evidence from the data.

3 printable pages

  • Energy Transfer Investigation Worksheet, page 1 of 3: Plan the investigation

    Page 1

  • Energy Transfer Investigation Worksheet, page 2 of 3: Read the results

    Page 2

  • Energy Transfer Investigation Worksheet, page 3 of 3: Evaluate and improve

    Page 3

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