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Z-Scores in Real Life

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Z-Scores in Real Life

A z-score shows how many standard deviations a value is above or below its group mean. Here, x is the value, μ is the mean and σ is the standard deviation. Give calculated z-scores to two decimal places when needed.

Concepts and interpretation

1.Which expression calculates the z-score of a value x when the distribution has mean μ and standard deviation σ?
  • z = (x + μ) / σ
  • z = (x − μ) / σ
  • z = (μ − x) / σ
  • z = (x − σ) / μ
2.A swimmer records a z-score of −1.2 in a race. What does this score mean in relation to the group mean?
  • The swimmer's result is 1.2 standard deviations below the mean.
  • The swimmer's result is 1.2 points below the mean.
  • The swimmer's result is 1.2 times the mean.
  • The swimmer's result is 1.2 standard deviations above the mean.

Comparing match performance

The table gives match points for six players. For each team, the listed mean and standard deviation describe the points scored by that team's players in a match. Each player's season standard deviation describes how much their own match scores typically vary across the season.

Team

Team mean (μ)

Team SD (σ)

Player: match points; season SD

River Comets

14

4

Mara: 22 points; season SD 3.0

River Comets

14

4

Aiden: 18 points; season SD 2.0

River Comets

14

4

Mason: 10 points; season SD 1.5

Coastal Falcons

30

6

Mei: 42 points; season SD 5.0

Coastal Falcons

30

6

Zoe: 36 points; season SD 2.5

Coastal Falcons

30

6

Luca: 24 points; season SD 4.0

3.For Mara of the River Comets, calculate the z-score for her 22 match points using μ = 14 and σ = 4. Show your calculation.
4.For Aiden of the River Comets, calculate the z-score for his 18 match points using μ = 14 and σ = 4. Show your calculation.
5.For Mason of the River Comets, calculate the z-score for her 10 match points using μ = 14 and σ = 4. Show your calculation.
6.For Mei of the Coastal Falcons, calculate the z-score for his 42 match points using μ = 30 and σ = 6. Show your calculation.
7.For Zoe of the Coastal Falcons, calculate the z-score for her 36 match points using μ = 30 and σ = 6. Show your calculation.
8.For Luca of the Coastal Falcons, calculate the z-score for his 24 match points using μ = 30 and σ = 6. Show your calculation.
9.Using the six z-scores you calculated, rank the players from strongest to weakest match performance relative to their own team. Identify any tie.
10.Which player has the most consistent season results? Use the season standard deviations to explain what consistency means here.
11.A selector wants two players for an inter-school match, considering both high relative match performance and season reliability. Recommend two players from the table and justify the choice using their z-scores and season SDs.

3 printable pages

  • Z-Scores in Real Life, page 1 of 3: Concepts and interpretation, Comparing match performance

    Page 1

  • Z-Scores in Real Life, page 2 of 3: Coastal Falcons 30 6 Zoe: 36 points; season SD

    Page 2

  • Z-Scores in Real Life, page 3 of 3: 9. Using the six z-scores you calculated, rank the players from strongest to weakest…

    Page 3

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