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Data Relationships and PPDAC

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Data Relationships and PPDAC

A local council is considering adding covered bike parking near a bus interchange. Your task is to use the supplied data to investigate whether daily rainfall is related to the number of people cycling to the interchange. Answer using evidence, and distinguish association from causation.

The investigation

A council analyst recorded rainfall and cyclist counts on 10 weekdays during one month. Rainfall is measured in millimetres; cyclists are counted at the interchange between 7 am and 9 am. These are observational data, not results of an experiment.

Weekday

Rainfall (mm)

Cyclists

1.In PPDAC, what does each letter stand for? Write the five stages in the correct order.

2.Write a focused statistical question for this investigation. It must identify the two variables and allow for variation across the observed weekdays.

3.In the Plan stage, identify the explanatory variable and response variable. Give the units or measurement for each.

4.Why is a scatterplot an appropriate display for these data? State what should go on each axis.

5.Describe the overall direction and form of the relationship suggested by the data. Support your answer with at least two comparisons from the table.

6.Estimate the change in cyclist count per additional millimetre of rainfall using the first and last observations. Show your calculation and interpret the rate in context.

7.A report concludes, “Rain causes people to stop cycling.” Is that conclusion justified by this investigation? Explain one limitation or possible lurking variable.

8.The analyst chose 10 weekdays from one month. Explain how this sampling approach might limit how well the results represent cycling across the year.

9.In the Data stage, name two practical steps that would help make the cyclist counts consistent and trustworthy.

10.Suggest one ethical or privacy consideration if the council extends the investigation, and explain how to address it.

11.Write a cautious conclusion for the council that answers the investigation question and uses the data, while noting the main limitation.