Control and Experimental Groups Activity

Name:

Date:

Data collection and statistics illustration

📚 Part 1: Understanding Control and Experimental Groups

Key Definitions:

Control Group: The group in an experiment that does NOT receive the treatment or intervention being tested. This group serves as a baseline for comparison.

Experimental Group: The group in an experiment that DOES receive the treatment or intervention being tested.

Example: A scientist wants to test if a new fertilizer helps plants grow taller. She plants 20 seeds in identical conditions. 10 plants receive the new fertilizer (experimental group), and 10 plants receive no fertilizer (control group).

1. In a study testing whether listening to music improves memory, 50 students memorize word lists. 25 students listen to classical music while studying, and 25 students study in silence. Which group is the control group?

The students listening to classical music

The students studying in silence

All 50 students

The researchers

2. In the same music and memory study, which group is the experimental group?

The students listening to classical music

The students studying in silence

Both groups equally

Neither group

🔍 Part 2: Identifying Groups in Experiments

3. A pharmaceutical company tests a new headache medication. 200 people with headaches are divided into two groups: 100 people receive the new medication, and 100 people receive a sugar pill (placebo) that looks identical to the medication.

a) Control Group: ________________________________

b) Experimental Group: ________________________________

c) Why is it important to use a placebo instead of giving the control group nothing? ________________________________

4. A teacher wants to test if a new teaching method improves math scores. She teaches 30 students using the new method and 30 students using the traditional method, then compares their test scores.

a) Control Group: ________________________________

b) Experimental Group: ________________________________

c) What is being measured (response variable)? ________________________________