🧬 Part 1: Genes and Chromosomes

1. What are genes?

Segments of DNA that code for specific traits

Complete sets of chromosomes

Types of blood cells

Reproductive organs

2. How many chromosomes do humans typically have?

23

46

92

100

3. Explain how genes on chromosomes determine inherited traits like eye color. Use scientific evidence in your answer.

4. A child has brown eyes like one parent and curly hair like the other parent. This demonstrates that:

Traits are inherited randomly

Children inherit different genes from each parent

Only one parent contributes genes

Environment determines all traits

👥 Part 2: Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction

5. Which type of reproduction results in offspring with identical genetic information to the parent?

Sexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction

Both types

Neither type

6. Sexual reproduction results in genetic variation because:

Offspring receive genes from two different parents

Offspring are exact copies of one parent

No genetic material is passed to offspring

Genes change randomly during reproduction

7. Create a model (drawing or diagram) that shows the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction in terms of genetic information passed to offspring.

8. Explain why genetic variation from sexual reproduction can be beneficial for a species' survival.

🐕 Part 3: Selective Breeding

9. What is selective breeding?

10. Which of the following are examples of how humans influence inheritance through selective breeding? (Check all that apply)

Breeding dogs for specific coat colors

Growing corn plants that produce larger ears

Wild animals reproducing naturally

Breeding cattle for increased milk production

11. A farmer wants to develop tomato plants that are resistant to disease. Describe the selective breeding process the farmer should use, and explain how this influences inheritance of the desired trait.

12. What questions would you ask to learn more about how selective breeding has influenced the development of modern dog breeds?