Canada's Growing Nation
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Canada's Growing Nation
Timeline: Canada, 1867–1914
Confederation began with four provinces. Canada expanded west and east over the next decades.
1 July 1867 — Confederation: Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick formed the Dominion of Canada.
1870 — Manitoba joined; the North-West Territories were transferred to Canada.
1871 — British Columbia joined, after Canada promised a railway link to the rest of the country.
1873 — Prince Edward Island joined Canada.
1885 — The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) was completed, linking eastern Canada with the Pacific coast.
1898 — The Yukon Territory was created; it was a territory, not a province.
1905 — Alberta and Saskatchewan became provinces.
Read: Building a growing nation
After Confederation, Canada’s leaders wanted to connect distant regions and encourage settlement in the West. The National Policy, introduced in 1879, included tariffs—taxes on some imported goods—to protect Canadian manufacturers. The government also supported railway building and western settlement. The CPR made travel and shipping across the country easier, but building it required difficult work and had serious consequences for Indigenous communities. Many newcomers arrived from Europe and elsewhere. They faced long journeys, unfamiliar climates, and the challenge of finding land and work. Canada’s growth brought opportunity for some, while also increasing pressure on Indigenous lands and communities.
Solve the history file
Use the timeline and reading for Questions 1–10.
3 printable pages
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
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