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Skeletal System Exploration Worksheet

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Skeletal System Exploration Worksheet

Investigate how the human skeleton supports movement, protects organs and responds to change. Read the case file, then complete the questions. Use scientific terms and explain your reasoning where asked.

Case file: The moving skeleton

At a sports science clinic, a student asks why a skeleton is more than a frame. The clinician explains that bones support the body, protect organs, provide attachment points for muscles, store minerals such as calcium and phosphate, and contain marrow that produces blood cells. At a movable joint, bones meet; cartilage cushions their ends, while ligaments connect bone to bone. Tendons connect muscle to bone. When a muscle contracts, it pulls on a bone across a joint. In a long bone, the shaft is the diaphysis and the ends are the epiphyses. The medullary cavity inside the shaft contains marrow. During childhood, growth plates near the ends allow long bones to lengthen. Some bones, such as those of the skull, fuse as a person grows, so the number of separate bones decreases from infancy to adulthood.

Part A: Identify and connect

Use the case file and your scientific knowledge.

1.A cyclist falls and hits the side of their head. Which structure mainly protects the brain?
  • Femur
  • Skull
  • Pelvis
  • Rib cage
2.Complete the clinic note: The longest bone in the human body is the , found in the thigh.
3.Match each bone to its usual location.
  • Humerus
  • Tibia
  • Vertebrae
  • Ribs
  • Lower leg
  • Chest
  • Spine
  • Upper arm
4.Which statement correctly describes the roles of tendons and ligaments?
  • Tendons join bone to bone; ligaments join muscle to bone.
  • Tendons join muscle to bone; ligaments join bone to bone.
  • Both connect bones to cartilage only.
  • Both produce blood cells.

Part B: Explain the evidence

Show how structure and function work together in the skeleton.

5.The skeleton has several important functions. Name four distinct functions and give one example of a body structure or process involved in each.
6.Use the case file to identify the diaphysis, an epiphysis and the medullary cavity. State where each is located.
7.A child has more separate bones than an adult. Explain why the number changes as the child grows.
8.At a knee joint, cartilage covers the ends of the bones. Predict what might happen to movement if this cartilage became badly worn, and explain why.
9.Astronauts can lose bone density during long periods in microgravity. Explain how reduced loading on bones can cause this, and suggest one way to help limit the loss.
10.A bone fracture is stabilised in a cast. Describe the main stages of healing, from the first response to the bone becoming stronger again.
11.True or false: Bone marrow is important only because it stores fat; it does not make blood cells.
TrueFalse

3 printable pages

  • Skeletal System Exploration Worksheet, page 1 of 3: Case file: The moving skeleton, Part A: Identify and connect

    Page 1

  • Skeletal System Exploration Worksheet, page 2 of 3: Part B: Explain the evidence

    Page 2

  • Skeletal System Exploration Worksheet, page 3 of 3: 9. Astronauts can lose bone density during long periods in microgravity. Explain how…

    Page 3

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